W O L F P A R K W O L F P A R K N E W S

Aurora, aka Muffin, aka Growl Muffin, died peacefully in the lap oflong time friend Gale Motter on the evening of January 29, 2001. Shewas one of a litter of three female pups born to Kaleah and Imbo in1988. That was the year of three litters and Aurora grew up with tenother puppies. Of her immediate family she is survived by her littersister Deneb, and her cousin Ursa.She and her sisters got off to a roughstart. The day the pups were born, theirmother, Kaleah, was involved in a severefight with the alpha female Naima. Evenwhen we removed Kaleah and her litter toa holding pen we suspected she was notgiving the pups enough milk, so the threepups were removed a little early for handrearing.From the beginning Aurora wasdistinctive. Even among infant pups, whoall have domed foreheads and short, bluntmuzzles, Aurora’s face was especiallybabyish. One of her photos from thisperiod shows her looking very waif-like: bigheaded, pot-bellied, with huge solemn blueeyes, and a fuzzy infant coat. The photo isvaguely reminiscent of an Ethiopian faminerelief poster child.As the pups matured, little Aurora turnedinto a personality kid. She kept the fubsy babyface even as her sisters and cousins started tooutgrow theirs. She could usually be found in themiddle of things, stirring up wrestling bouts, competingfor food, or inducing human foster relatives to cuddle her.One of my favorite memories of her involved Chinook as a puppy.Aurora, clamped on the tail of a napping Chinook, was trying to draghim around, but even then he was too big for her to do much with him.She did manage to keep her grip and walk in a circle around himwhen he woke, bewildered to find himself being slowly andincomprehensibly “spun” in place.As the pups grew up Dr. Klinghammer wanted to place several atother reputable facilities. He was not sure he wanted to keep Aurora,who was showing signs of keeping her baby face rather than maturinginto a typical representative of her species. Several of us wanted tokeep her and promoted this idea. Aurora did her part, not only bylooking like an adorable plush toy, but by being very happy to becuddled.When the pups were moved outdoors, Aurora’s fate was decidedQuarterly Newsletter of theNorth American Wildlife Park Foundation Vol. 28 No. 1 - Winter 2001 4/15/88—1/29/01Wolf Park is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of wolvesin captivity and in the wild through behavioral research and education.By Pat Goodmannby accident (or so Dr. Klinghammer wanted us to think). The holdingpens of that era were connected by internal drop gates so that onestaff member could shift animals from pen to pen while staying in thecorridor. One fateful day, one of the interns was moving pups fromone pen to another and the gate dropped accidentally, trappingAurora’s poor little paw. She screamed andlimped away from the scene. The intern feltlower than a snake’s navel. Aurora’s pawswelled—evidently she had a couple ofbroken toes—and she limped pathetically forquite a while.The technology did not exist to splintcanine toes. It would be kind of like milkingmice. You’d need little teeny equipmentand when you were done you wouldn’thave much. All we could do was offersympathy and wait for “tincture of time” and“patient’s tongue applied as needed” toeffect a cure. Dr. Klinghammer opineddisgustedly that we were stuck withAurora—he did not want to donate aninjured animal to some other facility.Eventually the swelling and painsubsided and Aurora began to race aroundlike a quadrupedal bottle rocket again. I beganto suspect that Dr. Klinghammer’s disgust atbeing stuck with her was feigned. At intervalsthroughout the summer he would occasionally pointout a turbo-charged little Aurora as she raced around,legs blurred, without the slightest sign of a limp, andremark in tones of faux outrage, “Look at that limp! We can’tever place her anywhere!” After declaiming this, he alwayscracked a huge grin with nothing faux about it.Aurora remained a “baby face” all her life. We constantly had toexplain her “different face” and many visitors had their vocabularyenriched with words and phrases such as “neotenous” and “infantschema,” and sometimes the less scholarly “inbred runt”. Onevolunteer had to be cautioned to make sure visitors knew hisexplanation of Muffin’s face (she chases parked cars) was a joke.More than one visitor looked at photos of the adult Aurora and wantedto know the name of the cute “puppy”.Though Aurora was not a typical wolf, she was valuable in severalrespects. With her pack mates she was often busy stirring upinteractions. This was welcomed by our docents because she often(Continued on page 6)Photo by Monty Sloan

CHECK OUT OUR WEB SITE AT http://www.wolfpark.org2 Welcome to the new year!We begin 2001 with a host of invigorating changes. Thanks to the generosityof board member Gladys Wright and her husband, Al Wright, Wolf Park hasbeen able to purchase a new building to be our Visitors’ Center. This buildingwill allow us to create a new, more visible entrance to the Park, to moreeffectively orchestrate tours, admissions and sales, and a more comfortableplace to welcome visitors. The new building will also let us renovate the oldGift Shop, which will become our new Education Center, the domain of our(also new) Junior Volunteer Program and a beautiful canid exhibit planned bystaff member Gale Motter.Our managing director, Amanda Shaad, visited Denmark in late February togive a Two Day Seminar organized by Vibeke Reese, a dog trainer. Amandapresented a slideshow covering events, research and experience at Wolf Parkover the past 20-odd years as well as taxonomy of canids, wolf behavior andmany other subjects. The presentation, on which Amanda worked very hard,was extremely well-received. She has already been invited to return nextyear.Our new Junior Volunteer program, begun by John Davis, is thriving.Designed to help children ages 7 to 17 learn about animals, their care andbehavior, the program is now almost 30 members strong and still growing.Members meet at the Park the first Saturday of each month for cookies,games, stories and even work, such as cleaning enclosures or raking leaves.(Families with children are welcome to drop in on these meetings, and thekids’ activities, taking place the first Saturday of each month from 12 to 3 pm.)The Walk for Education, a charity walk organized by the Junior Volunteers, willtake place on May 5. For more information, please visit the Wolf Park Kids!Web site — another new addition — at www.wolfparkkids.org.We are also getting new, aluminum bleachers, featuring 10 rows of stadiumseating, doubling our seating capacity. The new bleachers will reside in frontof the main pack enclosure, for use during Howl Nights, school tours andweekend lectures. We are seeking funds to help offset the cost of thebleachers, and possibly put a sun shade over them. Please look on page 3 forinformation on how to support Wolf Park and “buy a seat” of your very own onthe new bleachers.We also begin the new year with some unfortunate farewells. Our livestockguarding dog, Daphne, who was a sterling example of how effective guardingdogs are in protecting livestock against wolves, passed away on the 18th ofJanuary. Daphne came to us in 1987, and lived a traditional guarding dog life,guarding our flock of sheep (very, very effectively) until her “retirement” in1997 when we got rid of the flock. She then moved into the basement of theintern house and became a “people-greeting” dog, greeting new interns andalways ready to accept a little scratching behind the ears from familiar staffmembers.On the 29th of January, we sadly put to sleep Aurora (aka Muffin), our littleneotenous “public relations” wolf, who was almost thirteen years of age. (Seethe cover story.) Both Aurora and Daphnewere beloved Wolf Park “staff”. They will besorely missed.WOLF PARK Battle Ground, IN 47920(765) 567-2265 FAX: (765) 567-4299Wolf Park News Winter 2001 Membership benefits include:• Free admission to the Park• Wolf Park News• 10% off books from the Gift Shop• Invitation to Members Only Events• Visitation Privileges With A Wolf**Adopt-A-Wolf Sponsorship OnlyWeather Permitting !Wolf Park is open every Saturdayat 7:30 p.m. for Howl Night only"#$%&' !Closed MondaysOpen Tuesday to Sunday1:00 to 5:00 p.m.Fridays & Saturdays at 7:30 p.m.for Howl Night($)*+Listen to the intriguing sounds of ourwolves as they communicate throughtheir howls. After the lecture, join ina chorus howl of your own.,-&+"+See wolves and bison interact aswolves test bison for signs ofweakness. Our healthy bison havenothing to fear from the wolves.Sunday Only: Lecture 1:00 p.m.followed by demonstration.$!— Members Always Free —Tuesday - Saturday & Howl Night:Children 1 to 5 years - FREEChildren 6 to 13 years - $3.0014 years and older - $4.00Sunday:Children 1 to 5 years - FREEChildren 6 to 13 years - $3.0014 years and older - $5.00Groups of more than 12 people are admitted at$3.00 each Tues. - Sat. & Howl Nights. On Sun.,groups of more than 12 are $4.00 per person.Adult admission will INCREASE to$5 Tues-Sat, $6 Sun, on January 1, 2002.The Institute of Ethologysupports research and education:• Wolf Behavior Seminars• Internships and Practica• Year-round research opportunities

Directions to Wolf Park:To reach WOLF PARK from Interstate 65, take the exit for Indiana State Road43 North (Brookston, West Lafayette Exit # 178). Go north on 43 a mile toState Road 225. Turn right (east) and go about 2 miles directly into BattleGround. Drive straight through town, cross the railroad tracks and stay to theleft. Drive one long block to Jefferson St. and turn left. Follow Jefferson St.about 1 1/2 miles until you come to a large sign on your right for WOLF PARK.We are just 1/4 mile up the gravel drive.The Junior Volunteers are hosting an Easter celebration at Wolf Park onSaturday, April 7 from 1:00 to 3:00 pm. Visitors are invited toparticipate in many games of skill involving eggs. Or stop by at 12:00,before the games, to watch the Junior Volunteer meeting and see ifyou’d like to be a Junior Volunteer yourself!There will be two egg hunts — one for the kids, and one for the wolves.Kids can watch our main pack “hunt” more than two dozen hard-boiledeggs and then hunt their own, which will be filled with goodies andprizes. Chocolate will be involved — and so will the Easter Bunnyhimself! Check out www.wolfparkkids.org for more details, or call (765)567-2265 between 9-5 Mon-Fri. As part of our ongoing campaign to make visitors’ experiences at thePark more pleasant, Wolf Park has purchased new aluminumbleachers! The new bleachers will replace our old woodenbleachers in front of the main enclosure, for visitors’ enjoymentduring Howl Nights, school tours, and weekend lectures andhandling demonstrations. The old bleachers will move to East Lake,so people watching the bison demonstration may at last sit downwhile doing so!For a limited time only, Wolf Park is offering YOU a chance tobecome part of our history! Help us commemorate this event — orany other — by purchasing a seat of your very own on thebleachers. For a one-time fee you will receive a metal plaque,approximately 1 inch by 2 inches, with any message you like (withinreason). The plaque will be affixed to a seat on the new bleachers,so everyone sees how generous you are. Celebrate the millennium,the new Visitors’ Center, the birthday of a loved one, or the memoryof someone special, all while you help support Wolf Park!Funds raised will help finance a shade for the bleachers, for evenmore comfort while watching the main pack. This program replacesour old “Buy A Fence Post” program (we are all out of posts!!) andENDS 12/31/01, so hurry!“Buying a seat” refers to purchasing a plaque with a message on it to be put on one ofthe bleacher seats. The actual bleachers remain property of Wolf Park. We regretwe are unable to reserve “your” seat especially for you during your visits to the Park,but sincerely welcome you to come and visit “your” seat during open hours!Please fill out the form below and mail it to:Wolf Park, Battle Ground, IN 47920Name: ______________________________________Address: ____________________________________City: ________________________________________State: ________________ Zip: __________________Phone: ______________________________________# of plaques at $50 each: ______ for a total of: ______Payment: ____ check enclosed ____ Visa/MC____________________________________________Credit card #Expiration DateE-mail us at w olfpark@w olfpark.org____________________________________________Signature (required for credit card purchases)Message for your bleacher plaque(s):(Maximum 2 lines, with 15 characters, including spaces, per line.)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Tristan, a two-year-old male in the main pack, catches snowflakes.Photo by Monty Sloan____________________________________________Attach another piece of paper if needed.Wolf Park News Winter 2001 3

Santa (with friends) travels by dog-sled while Rudolph is in the shop.Santa arrives to inspect the edible Christmas tree.4Photo by Monty Sloan !“Kids’ Days” now occur on the first Saturday of every month, year-round,between 1 and 3 pm. Kids’ Days feature games, stories and activitiesfor youngsters interested in wolves and nature. Kids can play theTraining Game and see how it feels to be a dog, play the life-size “be awolf” game, read stories with Boris the plush wolf, make treat-filledHalloween pumpkins and Christmas presents (edible) for the wolves,and more!As part of an effort to get kids more involved with the Park, staffmembers John Davis and Gale Motter have brainstormed the JuniorVolunteer program, allowing anyone under 18 who would like to help outat a wildlife park the chance to really “get into” Park activities. JuniorVolunteers work for the Park, help out with repair and maintenance,learn about wolf behavior and much more. This is a great starting pointfor anyone interested in working with animals.As part of the kickoff of our new children’s programming, a local “friendof Santa” promised to forward our request to have Santa appear at WolfPark for an afternoon of hot chocolate, gifts, and edible Christmas trees.Santa arrived on December 16, via three-dog sled (courtesy of Parkstaff); his reindeer were in the shop for maintenance, gearing up for thebig day. While visiting the Park, Santa supervised the decoration of aChristmas tree for the wolves, complete with cookie ornaments held onwith peanut butter, spaghetti garlands, hot dogs, bologna, and fruit rolls.He then took “special requests” for presents and posed for photographswith each child.Check out http://www.wolfparkkids.org/ for more details on the JuniorVolunteers and how to join, a 2001 Kids’ Day activity schedule, andmore photos of Santa’s visit and the wolves eating the tree!Photo by Monty SloanWolf Park News Winter 2001The future Visitors’ Center, under construction.Wolf Park’sJunior Volunteer Program!"#$Start walking anytime between9 and 10 amRoutes begin at Wolf ParkHelp the Junior Volunteers and help Wolf Park expand its educationalofferings by participating in our Walk for Education. Win prizes andhave fun walking one of two routes (4 miles and 8 miles) with friendsor family. Get corporations to sponsor your walk! Those who bring in$30 or more in donations will receive a free T-shirt. The three peoplewho bring in the most donations will receive prizes. (And everyonewho walks will receive a gift from Wolf Park!)For more information, visit the Wolf Park Kids! Web site at www.wolfparkkids.org. You can also send email to wolfparkkids@aol.comor phone the Park office between 9 and 5 Mon-Fri at (765) 567-2265.SPONSORS — Donations of $75 or more get your name, or yourcorporation’s name, on the back of our Walk for Education T-shirt!Contact us at wolfparkkids@aol.com to help support Wolf Park!Photo by John DavisWe have a new building at Wolf Park! Thanks to the generosity ofboard member Gladys Wright and her husband Al Wright, a newVisitors’ Center is under construction. The new building, constructedby the same company as our current two buildings, has been installedalong the perimeter fence line, to one side of the current Gift Shop. Itwill eventually become part of the perimeter fence, allowing visitors toenter the Park through the new building (and staff to take admission inthe Great Indoors).The new building will have twice the display space of the old Gift Shop,in one huge room, and sports track lighting and space to hang T-shirts,to the delight of staff and interns. The back room has been expandedto store more neat stuff for sale, and the furnace will no longer be outon the sales floor. The new arrangement will provide a new, moreobvious entrance to the Park as well as a weather-free place towelcome visitors.As soon as the new Visitors’ Center is complete, the old Gift Shop willbe remodeled and will become an education center, with space forboth children’s activities (such as the Junior Volunteers) and seminarsto spread out in. Staff members Gale Motter and John Davis havegreat plans for new displays and other nifty stuff.

Every year, some extremely nice people descend on Wolf Park,offering that most valuable of resources — their time. Volunteers visitfor as little as a few hours a week to every day; practicums spend amonth; and interns, the Park’s most important resource, generouslydonate three months of their time. In return, the Park provides themall with an unparalleled opportunity for both research and fun, as theyinteract with the Park wolves, give tours, do landscaping and repair,exhaust the Park library and talk with the staff.Interested in volunteering (or, better yet, interning)? Call (765) 567-2265 between 9 and 5 Mon—Fri. We accept interns and practicumsall year round!%""Rebecca Bose, from North Salem, NY, visited for a weekin late January. She is a volunteer at the NY Wolf Center.John Chambers, intern, attends Antioch College in Ohio.He has volunteered as actor, gardener, and tour guide,and enjoys Japanese comics (among others) and culture,hoping eventually to teach English to Japanese students.Brooke Hinkle, an intern from Columbus, OH, attendsWorthington Kilbourne High School (Linworth). She ownsthree beagles and a budgie, and in the “real world” sheworks at Media Play.Gizelle Hurtado, a long-term intern, is from San Jose, CA,and enjoys backpacking and reorganizing the Park’s officelibrary. She has two dogs, a cat, and tropical fish, andhopes to pursue a doctorate in wildlife biology.Yoshimi Masuda, intern, is from Kawasaki, Japan, andAzabu University. She enjoys hiking and horseback ridingand recently spent 4 months in Canada working on anorganic farm.Interns Nicole Tomps and Alicia Panisiak hard at work.Photo by John DavisAlicia Panisiak, intern, is originally from Canada but hermost recent occupation was teaching English to kids andadults in South Korea. She enjoys the outdoors and alsodesigning houses, and is currently at work on becomingPat sometime in the future.Zahra Thompson, from England, spent a week at thePark in mid-January. She is a member of the Wolf Societyof Great Britain, enjoys earth sciences and wildlifephotography, and owns one cross-breed spaniel dog.Nicole Tomps, intern, is from Albany, OR, and recentlygraduated from Oregon State University, where she plansto return for veterinary school in the fall. She volunteers atChintimini Wildlife Rehab Center, feeding and treating barnowls, herons, raccoons and other animals.Eleni Vagelatos, intern, is from Long Island, NY. Shemajored in communications and graphic design in college,then did a complete turnabout and interned at the Park.She plans to return to school for a major in wildlife biology,but currently “hangs” with staff member Marla, saying “Va!”Andrew Miller, aka Bitsy Pookums, intern, continues hisnine-month stay at the Park. In Bitsy’s previous life, beforehe acquired his nickname, he was a veterinary assistantand high school student from Michigan.Sergio Minini, an intern from Buenos Aires, Argentina,spent time at the Park in breeding season ‘99. Hereturned to us this year to help with breeding seasonwatch. He owns a female Siberian Husky.Larissa Nituch, practicum, came to us from Montreal,Canada where she attends Dawson College. Her interestsinclude photography, art, and carpentry; she is currentlyhelping to build an earthship, a totally self-sufficient homemade of recycled goods.It’s surprising what poetry gel-filled insoles inspire:In Honor of the Worm Moon (March)It all comes back to worms —Worms in your handsBetween your toesDown your backAnd up your nose.This philosophical moment has been brought to you by the AnnelidPreservation Society of North America (APSNA), which reminds you that“Worms Are Your Friends”. Please remember that Pat is a trainedprofessional; do not try this at home, especially not with gel-filled insoles.Contents under pressure. Do not dispose of in flame.Wolf Park News Winter 2001 5

(Continued from page 1)did it during our open hours. Sometimes it was invitations to chaseand be chased. Sometimes she harassed her female cousin, Vega,relentlessly. I will never forget seeing Vega, a large black femalewith burning gold eyes, fleeing from a creature who looked like arefugee from Bambi.When she couldn’t get pack members to join her in chases andwrestling, Aurora “played” by herself. One intern swore Aurora hadimaginary friends. Another said she saw Aurora bow, inviting aclump of grass to chase her. Not only that, my informant solemnlyaverred that Aurora looked over her shoulder to see if the grassclump was following. Visiting student of canine behavior Thom VanAken spent many a morning taking notes on the pack during Muffin’s“childhood”. While the others slept,Muffin engaged in riotous solitary playincluding, but not limited to, repeatedlyleaping for objects laughably out of herreach. At the end of Aurora’s hour longimpersonation of a perpetual motionmachine and tethered hot air balloon,Thom observed, “If she were a humanchild, her parents would have their handsfull.”In 1991 Aurora double-denned withAltair, the alpha female. Altair gave birthfirst. She and Aurora both bonded withthe litter and cared for them. WhenAurora whelped a couple of days later itmust have been too late for Altair to bondwith them. Altair watched attentively andcarefully took each pup as it was bornand swallowed it. Aurora appeared not tounderstand what was happening. Shestill had Altair’s litter, which she regardedas hers also, so this may have been whyshe did not appear to suffer at the loss ofher own infants. A bonding of sorts tookplace between Altair and Aurora and forsome time after, when Altair squelchedthe other females, Ursa and Vega, Aurorawas often right beside Altair “helping” herAurora in 1999.assert dominance. By this means Muffin raised her own status atlittle risk to herself, a process we describe as “coat tailing” from thepolitical phenomenon of which it reminds us—riding to politicalsuccession on another’s “coat tails”.Aurora was in the pack until late in the winter of 1993-1994. Thismeant she got to live in the Turtle Lake Enclosure for about fourmonths. During that time she was repeatedly harassed, principallyby Vega. Often the culprits were Socrates and sometimes hisbrother Kiri, then in their first winter. We were not too worriedbecause they did not bite her hard, but it must have been harder onher psychologically than we realized. One evening in Februaryvolunteer Brian Bailey and Dr. Klinghammer found her, alone, yetrunning tail tucked in fright. She had recently been mobbed, but hadonly one small cut on her temple. As she ran and whirled andsnapped in near panic, there were no other wolves near—they hadall run across the frozen pond. Dr. Klinghammer decided Aurorahad had enough. With help from Brian, he got her into the airlock.She ran straight in, trembling, and then vomited. They leashed herand led her to a holding pen, officially retired from the pack.For several weeks Aurora paid little attention to what was goingon around her and was listless, though she continued to enjoypetting from humans. During this period, when we took her for walksshe never made any attempt to approach the new pen. Sheexplored the area around the Klinghammer house and the barn andthe little area with the rainwater runoff stream. We took to hidingtreats for her to find while she walked and worked on trying to coaxher into the office. Gradually her natural effervescence began toreappear, a few bubbles at a time.At some point during these first weeks out of the pack, shenoticed that her next door neighbor, an old neutered male namedKuro, was punctiliously greeting her and even indulging in a littlemild courtship, striking poses. She threatened him and from then onspent time intermittently stalking him andthreatening him through the wire. Despiteher less than cordial behavior, Kurocontinued to be a gentleman and greet hernicely. He was also indirectly responsiblefor her introduction to fast food. He wasgetting anti-inflammatory medication tohelp his arthritis and he preferred it in aknock-off of McDonald’s SausageMcMuffin. Aurora successfully wheedledtastes from me. When Kuro had to be putto sleep months later, Aurora acted quitedeflated again, and could be described aslonely.Fortunately we had another solution—Monty’s low content wolf hybrid Tatanka,who thought female canines werewonderful. Unfortunately he was big androwdy. This was not reassuring to Muffin.When, after introductions went smoothly,we turned them loose in one of theenclosures, Tatanka started chasingAurora. She got frightened and froze, tailslightly tucked and averting her gaze.Wolves would have pinched, shoved, andprovoked her into responding in a way thatPhoto by Monty Sloanwould egg them on to chase and grab her.Tatanka instead began bowing andbarking. Muffin stayed very still. Tatanka lost interest and wanderedoff. Aurora unfroze. They came together again and again Tatankachased Aurora. They repeated this sequence: when Aurora becamefrightened, she would stand still and refuse to move. Tatankaquickly stopped trying to provoke a reaction and wandered off. For awhile it looked as if Muffin could not believe that he was locked intosuch a simple sequence. She kept freezing, sometimes when shedid not appear to be very frightened. It looked as if she had foundthat this rather doggy distant relative had a reliable on-off switch andkept testing it. After a while she became completely comfortable inchase games with him—whenever he got too rough or aggressive orexcited or all three, she simply froze until he calmed down. They gotso companionable that Tatanka got occasional invitations to “teaparties” in Aurora’s pen. We could leave them together for severalhours. Aurora usually decided he had worn out his welcome after aday or so of togetherness. She took a very dim view of his attemptsto appropriate her leftovers so we did not wait to see what he’d dowhen her food was freshly delivered.After several years, we phased their visits out. Aurora’s eyesight6Wolf Park News Winter 2001

Aurora in early January, 2001.Photo by Monty Sloanwas waning, which made it harder for her to interact with othercanines in a way that was safe and enjoyable for her. (Tatanka wasgiven a dog for his very own and devoted many hours to that dog,Kiwani, when his visits to Aurora were curtailed.) At this point,interactions with humans acquired more importance for Muffin. Wewere still a source of social stimulus, and a means whereby shecould explore new areas or “shop” for pig ears in the gift store. Shewent on many walks with an entourage of seeing-eye humans.Despite her small size and considerable malocclusion (in theform of an overbite), Aurora did get to go on bison demonstrations.We tell the audience we stack the odds in the bison’s favor. Whenthere are tiny calves in the pasture one way to stack the odds is toput in wolves who are less than enthusiastic about bison. One daywhen we had a calf less than twenty four hours old and we hadpromised a demonstration, we put in Aurora and her father, Imbo.Imbo was never very interested in hunting bison, though when weput him in with several black wolves (Imbo was gray), some of theyoung bison singled him out (“One of these things is not like theothers...”) and chased him around, resulting in a dramaticdemonstration of a different sort. When paired as hunters, Imbowandered off and took time to smell the roses, er, clover, and Aurorastayed close to us humans (one human said she heard Aurorasinging the Jiminy Cricket song—“I’m no fool, no siree, I’m gonnalive to be ninety three, I’m lookin’ out for you and me ‘cause I’m nofool....”) refusing to go near the bison.Sometimes the bison came to Aurora. One year a calf walkedquietly up behind her. Aurora didn’t notice until the calf nosenudgedher rump, boosting a surprised Muffin off the ground an inchor two. Then the calf, tail high with excitement, ran back to itsmother, as if to say “I touched a wolf. I touched a wolf!”That sentiment has been shared by many others of the humanspecies.Gentle, trusting Aurora was “interactive and user friendly” longbefore such descriptions were common. Diminutive in size but not inspirit, she was the first wolf generations of staff, interns, volunteers,and sponsors met. Unassuming, unthreatening, she left manypreviously nervous visitors with lasting good impressions. We haveno statistics on how many interns and volunteers she safely taughtrudimentary wolf handling techniques, how many children shegreeted as an ambassador for her species, but it was a great many.Every once in a while you meet an individual whom you will alwaysremember vividly and who has a profound effect on you. Aurorawas such an individual. One of her friends, former staff memberMargareta Fong, said she did not know of another wolf at Wolf Parkwho gave so much pleasure to so many in her lifetime.We miss you, Muffin.#&'Breeding season 2001: Marion came into season early this year.She began mating in the last week of January. At first Seneca,though willing to mate with her once daily, continued multitasking andmanaged to fit patrolling, marking, howling (a lot), eating, and fencefighting with NK and Chani (Sierra tended to get squashed by hersiblings).As Marion smelled prettier and prettier, Seneca began first to keep aneye on her, and then he began to attend her, rarely letting her getmore than a few body lengths from him. They mated nearly fortytimes, breaking records here at the Park for number of ties with onepartner, number of ties by a male, and number of ties by a female.Maya mated twice with Miska and twice with Chetan. Tristan wasinterested in Erin. Erin likes Tristan but not as a potential mate, so,since she was rebuffed by Seneca and Miska, she remained awallflower for the second year. Since Marion and Maya have bothbeen sterilized (not neutered; sterile females still cycle and mate)there will be no puppies this year.Marion once again “issued forth” upon the other wolves, vigorouslysuppressing Erin and Maya, but Tristan retained enough socialfreedom this season to successfully “defend” his sisters — at leastoccasionally. Maya suffered a bite to her right ear, and Erin has anew scar on her muzzle, but overall things went well this year amongthe females.Among the males, Chetan spent time courting Marion, who flirtedhalfheartedly with him, and a little more time courting Erin and Maya.He did get mobbed a couple of times, and spent a while “lying low”with Erin and Maya on the Western Front, but always returned. (Fluffyis unsinkable.) Miska whiled away his time avoiding and rebuffingErin (who followed him relentlessly, flirting and looking hopeful), andtrying to find a private moment with Maya, out of sight of Marion andSeneca. Tristan tried gamely to impress both Erin and Maya, who arehis litter sisters and politely refused his advances.Meanwhile, over at East Lake, NK and Chani were observed matingseveral times. Our observations on them and on Apollo and Karin’sseveral matings were haphazard, but the breeding season for theTurtle Lake pack ended by February 8, though we watched themaround the clock through February 12 th , and no matings were seenamong the East Lake wolves after February.It is unlikely that Alyeska was even allowed to court Karin — Karin aswell as Apollo tends to frown upon that, and Orca had to contenthimself with scented billets doux from some of the females (old strawfrom their huts, which was spread around Orca’s pen to protect hishind paws from abrasion by the gravel).Chetan, left, and Miska, below, rally to Seneca, the alpha male.Photo by Monty SloanWolf Park News Winter 2001 7

8(&'DENEB has slowed down a bit, physically, in her fence fighting but stillnever passes up a chance to remind other wolves about who is alphain her little world. She still has a little trouble with her back — there isa little fusion among the vertebrae — but appears to greatly enjoyvisits from Dr. Noreen the chiropractor, and gets all wiggly and waggly.Dr. Noreen has officially pronounced Deneb “cute”. Deneb is stillgetting enough exercise to maintain her “girlish figure”, and is receivingby-products of Trill’s McBurger treats whenever possible — usually thetop of the buns, all nice and greasy.In November, ORCA had a visit from oneof his human moms, Nicky Osypka, andher new husband James. Orca was soexcited to see her that he got airbornetwice, trying to hurtle and lick her face.He also liked James and vouchsafed hima kiss too. He has made a few trips up tothe gift shop, observation building, andnew visitors’ center, and has even goneinside the observation building, to lookout at the main pack through the bigwindows. (He also scent-marked and gotthe place quite stinky, but we haveOdoban for that.)TRILLIAN, who has been having a littleNK, alpha male of the “Mini Pack”, howls.difficulty keeping weight on, was thrilledto discover that this allows — nay, requires — her to have breakfastsof sausage, beef and beef fat, heated in a microwave, every few days.The fickle Trill, who has discovered that refusing to eat meatballsprompts humans to return with ever more enticing treats, has alsobeen the delighted recipient of several Egg McMuffins and McDonald’scheeseburgers. (Remember, folks, you only get to eat like this whenyou’re old!)URSA “helped” staff who were trying to break ice out of her waterbucket by peeing on the overturned bucket several times (and shethought she was just scent-marking….) Eventually the bucket wasemptied. She spent another breeding season solo; but on the otherhand, she successfully “defended” her pen from all other incomingfemales, so she remains alpha female of her own little universe. Shestill accepts visits from staff members John, Gale and Jessica, who arehoping to be accepted into her exclusive circle of friends.WILD BILL the coyote has a new lookout point, courtesy of Nancy andsome kind interns who spent time dismantling it and moving it fromOrca’s pen into Bill’s. (We were keen on moving it out of Orca’s pen toprevent him getting ideas about climbing on it and getting stuck.) Thethree-level platform is sturdy and allows even a short ‘yote to pretendto be tall. He was leery at first but pawprints in the snow on the topimply that he has at least explored it. At thirteen — almost fourteen —Bill is beginning to show his age and his serenades are peppered withinopportune gargling...but he is still the handsomest ’yote around, anddetermined to let everyone know it.The MINI PACK had a visit from their human foster Mom, GinnyKunch. Ginny earned her DVM years ago and is now practicing inAlaska. It had been four years since the Minis had seen her but therewas no doubt they remembered her. They all had to show her thateven at eleven years they can still jump up to kiss, and they weretrying to lick her through the fence before she reached the gate to goin with them. NK had a visit from a fan, Billy Avoletta. During clean upWolf Park News Winter 2001NK remembered he loves Billy. SIERRA remembered how much funshe had pinching Billy’s bottom last time he visited. She tried to relivethe experience. All three Minis are still very limber and can all jump upon their shelter roofs–though usually only the girls bother to.During cleanup on December 30, APOLLO and KARIN weredetermined to “help” Pat shovel snow away from their gate and wereoffered some wolf poop from a cleanup bucket in an attempt to wardthem off. They loved whatever it was, took it away, and rolled on it forseveral minutes. They stopped to “help” empty their water bucket andsneak into the airlock after the departing humans, and were eventuallydistracted by a tissue. Each blames theother for the failure. ALYESKA continuesto be shy, though with small groups ofpeople he sometimes comes up, and issquashed by Apollo, who does not allowfun if he can help it. Al doesn’t seem tomind too much.Photo by Monty SloanKIRI got his jaws on Pat’s cleanup bucketduring December and had a rematch withit (previously the bucket had “won”,rescued by Pat). Kiri got to keep thebucket for the requisite two seconds thistime and paraded with it around theenclosure, chomping on it (quite a sight,given that the buckets are more than afoot in diameter). He managed to “fold” itinto his mouth. Eventually he was tradeda more palatable goodie and the bucket, dented but whole, wasreturned to the humans. SOCRATES continues as slightly disgruntled“second fiddle”, but has appreciated visits by the newly resurrectedMark Woodcock, who has resumed volunteering semi-regularly onweekends, and provided much entertainment for the rarely visited pair.%#Wolf Park mourns the passing of Shaw Mudge andPaul Ferrari, long-time wolf lovers who worked tohelp preserve wolves and wildlife in general.We also sorely miss Daphne, our beloved ItalianMaremma livestock guarding dog, who demonstratedtime and again that one dog and a flock of sheep aremore than a match for even the biggest, “baddest”wolf. Daphne died on the 18th of January. She wasgiven to us by Dr. Ray Coppinger in 1987. Daphne issurvived by her son, Dieter.Daphne out with her flock of sheep.Photo by Monty Sloan

Devon, a silver-phase female red fox, peeks from her den.)&'Photo by Monty SloanOn February 6, BASIL did a cute thing with the hollow log in the enclosure:he walked along it and, reaching the end, put his forefeet on theground, leaving his back feet on the top of the log. Twisting in this position,he stuffed his head into the hole in the end of the log and said“Eeee?” No-one appeared to be at home. Task completed, Basil liftedhis forefeet back onto the log, turned around and walked off. Basil’s EvilTwin renewed his habit of putting his mouth gently around things to seeif humans would notice, but did nothing more Evil. Tune in next year….DEVON expressed her deep and abiding love for intern Andrew’s blackjacket by launching herself onto his head and peeing. As rivuletspoured off the sleeves, Andrew noticed something was amiss andshooed her away. The jacket has since been washed and will not bereturning to the fox enclosure until Andrew needs another anointing. Inlate February, Devon appeared with a hairless scrape on her back rightpaw. Two weeks later, another appeared on her back left paw. Althoughthe scrapes are healing nicely, Devon got antibiotics for a whilejust in case. Meanwhile, interns and staff scoured the enclosure, filingdown sharp edges and removing anything remotely pointy which mighthave caused the scrapes.EMBER became more personable during January and February, jumpingonto the heads of those she knows well but has not jumped on sinceAugust. She even approached a group of kids and accepted raisins!Devon and Ember have similar thoughts about food: it should all belongto them. When given rabbits in early February, Devon got hers and hidit, and Ember got hers and hid it, and then Devon noticed Ember’s rabbitand took it, and Ember went and took Devon’s abandoned rabbit...andso they went, trading bunnies, for 5 to 10 minutes.COREY is still a handsome young fox and willingly approaches familiarpeople, staying just out of reach, and takes raisins from their hands. Hehas even climbed onto the legs of a few people, including volunteer LisaCavanaugh, to get at particularly tasty treats. The Junior Volunteerscleaned the fox enclosure on February 3, and Corey was locked up inthe back half of the enclosure with the others. He did not appreciatebeing herded politely into the back, but seemed happy not to have tocope with the invasion of buckets and tongs. ,61Miska, born in 1997, is the beta male in Wolf Park’smain pack. Miska is a classically beautiful black wolfwith piercing yellow eyes. He is large and impressive.His sponsors usually meet a proxy.Other wolves in the main pack: Seneca, Tristan and Chetan (greymales), Marion and Erin, (grey females), and Maya (black female).Support Wolf Park’s mission and activities and get the opportunity togreet the hand-raised wolves by becoming a wolf sponsor. A privilege ofthis program is the chance to meet a wolf first hand. The personal bondbetween a real live wolf and her/his sponsors forms a bridge of concernfor wolves in the wild, for which our wolves are ambassadors. On behalfof the wolves in the wild and in captivity, we appreciate your continuedsupport through our various levels of membership, including the Adopt-A-Wolf program.*"&'*"%""'!)./0 1"&#.2 .0 3+,-.20 Single membership includes free admission for one to the Park for oneyear, a 10% discount on books in the gift shop, invitations to membersonlyevents, and our quarterly newsletter Wolf Park News.Family memberships include all of the above plus free admission forup to 8 family members per visit for the year of membership.Group memberships include free admission to the Park for up to 12members of a group on any one visit. (These can be different members oneach trip!) Includes one copy of newsletter and materials (to share), and10% discount on books in the gift shop.Adopt-A-Wolf includes family membership, plus a personalizedLeader of the Pack Certificate with a photo of “your” wolf and signed bythe director. You will have visiting privileges and contact with your wolfduring your sponsorship in most circumstances. If your wolf isaggressive or shy, or for some reason we do not believe a visit would be apositive experience for you or your wolf, another will stand as proxy. Youmust be 18 or older to meet a wolf. You will receive a life history of yourwolf, quarterly updates and photos. After the spring shedding season youwill receive a sample of wool from your wolf.Only the Adopt-A-Wolf program includes the opportunity to meet a wolf.Name: ______________________________________________Address: ____________________________________________City: ________________________________________________State: _________ Zip: _____________ Phone: ____________Corey, an adult male red fox, is greeted by Ember, a young female.Photo by Monty Sloan My check for $_____________________ is enclosed orPlease make checks payable to: NAWPF or WOLF PARKYou may charge my: MASTERCARD VISA CARDAccount # ______________________ Expiration Date __________Sign here: _________________________________________________Your signature is required for MC and VISA charges.-#*3+,-&&'*4"-'(!I plan to contribute my Adopt-A-Wolf gift in:")-+-.20 2+"&+-.5/0Quarterly payments are also accepted via automatic withdrawal on Mastercard or VisaI would like to adopt _______________________________________If you have no preference, a wolf will be selected for you.66$$$1 7 86 WOLF PARK, Battle Ground IN 47920 (765) 567-2265Wolf Park News Winter 2001 9

10 !*The Ethology Series publishes original materials for the disseminationof information in ethology and related fields.Applied EthologyBasic Principles of Ethology and Psychology $5.00Erich Klinghammer. Provides persons who need to handle animalswith a basic understanding of the principles of ethology.Imprinting and Early ExperienceHow to Avoid Problems With Tame Animals $5.00Recommendations for rearing of captive animals.The Management & Socialization ofCaptive Wolves (Canis Lupus) at Wolf Park $25.00Erich Klinghammer and Pat Goodmann. Wolf Park’s protocol for thehandling and care of captive wolves.Wolf Ethogram $12.00Pat Goodmann and Erich Klinghammer. A “Wolf-to-Englishdictionary” for those interested in wolf behavior.Wolf Park History 1972-1999 $25.00Pat Goodmann. REVISED Feb ‘00. The History chronicles events atWolf Park from 1972-1999 and documents the Main Pack and thelives of Park animals.Wolves of Wolf Park $9.95Edited by former intern Kristin Hessick and Jessica Willard.Anecdote-style biographies of the Wolf Park wolves, coyote, foxesand bison.Children’s Ethology Series $3.00Jessica Willard. 8 page booklets with many black and whitephotographs by Monty Sloan. Set of 3: introductions to Puppies,Foxes, and Wolves.Please add $3.00 shipping per order (except Children’s Ethology Series).+* Looking for games, contests, and stuff for kids? Want info on ourJunior Volunteer program? Find it all here PLUS info on wolves,foxes, coyote and bison, the adventures of Boris, the plush wolf, andhis friend John, editorials by MiskaMoo, photos of our Visitor of theMonth, and much, much more!''+/0'1A perfect gift for kids! Join Wolf Park’s Puppy Pack and help supportwolves. You’ll receive a certificate with a photo and biography of your“alpha wolf” (choose from list below), sample issues of Howls andGrowls and Wolf Park News, a membership card, and informationabout wolves. It’s only $25 to help support Wolf Park’s wolves.Please specify your alpha wolf when ordering. Available wolves are:Seneca, Miska, Tristan, Chetan, Marion, Erin, Maya, Apollo, Orca.Send payment and the name of your chosen “alpha wolf” to:Wolf Park, Battle Ground, IN 47920or call (765) 567-2265 between 9-5 Mon-Fri with a Visa or MC.One-time payment helps support the wolves of Wolf Park. Puppy Pack doesnot include wolf visitation privileges or membership to Wolf Park.Wolf Park News Winter 2001 ,!-. ' !Behavior seminars consist of lectures, discussions,slideshows, video and film presentations, extensiveobservations and hands-on experience with wolves, aswell as the opportunity to see the one-of-a-kind Wolf-Bison demonstration up close. The seminars are basedon the behavioral research carried out at Wolf Park since1972, and cover ethological principles and concepts, rankorder, reproductive behavior, “play” and “jealousy”,research and data collection, training, and imprinting ofyoung wolves. Enrollment is limited to 25 per seminar.5-day seminars require $100 non-refundable deposit tohold a spot; 6-day seminars require $200 non-refundabledeposit. Money cannot be applied to future seminars.Photography seminars begin at 10:00 am on thescheduled day with a talk by Park photographer MontySloan. The talk will cover basic photography techniques,suggestions on equipment, positioning and other ideasespecially pertaining to photographing wolves. This isfollowed by 3 hours of supervised outdoor photographywith Monty Sloan and Park staff. Seminar participantswill photograph Park wolves from inside the enclosure.The wolves are in semi-natural habitat, with trees, grassand other foliage, for fantastic photo opportunities.Enrollment limited to 7 persons. Non-refundable fullpayment of $150 is required to hold a spot. In the eventof cancellation, money may be applied to futureseminars.All participants wishing to interact with the wolves must be at least 18 yearsold and able-bodied enough to withstand enthusiastic greeting from a 100-pound wolf. Restrictions will apply.2001 Seminar DatesOne-Day Photography Seminars $150 eachMarch 10, 17, 24; April 7October 8, 15, 29; November 5, 265-Day Wolf Behavior Seminars $475 eachApril 29-May 3; August 12-16; October 21-256-Day Wolf and Dog Behavior SeminarWith Terry Ryan and Dr. Ray CoppingerJune 17-22 $720Accommodations are extra.Seminars fill up, so reserve your spot now!

(#2is a quarterly publication which emphasizesaccurate, objective and timely reporting ofnews about wolves. It is the best overviewof wolf news available in one publication.Regular features include news from North America, Europe, andAsia, research reports, zoo notes, wolves in the media and muchmore. Many photos by Monty Sloan highlight each issue. Publishedby the North American Wildlife Park Foundation.. 0% !The persons named below have been kind enough to donate somethingto WOLF PARK — be it time, computer parts, wolf treats, or, yes,money. We thank them for their efforts and appreciate all that theyhave given us.Ron & Donna AckermanJudith AllhandsNancy AndersonJim AndersonJanice BarrettKaye BauerPaul & Reed BenhamouBrett BoganAlison BrownJan ClementsR W CobleDr. Samuel ConwayMary CordesTimothy CrowleyEdmond DavisJanet DiFelicePhyllis FeldnerPaul FerrariLaure FleenorBarbara & John GarciaColin GrayCharlie & Sandy GreeneAnnette GroeberAmanda HarrisSarah HarrisonKaren HazlewoodJane HeltebrakeLisa & Bill HerbertSubscription rates:• U.S. $22.50/year, $40.00/two years;add $5.00 per year surcharge for first classmail. Payment by Mastercard, Visa orMagazine check, made out to WOLF! and drawn onan United States bank only.• Canada & Mexico $29.00/year. All other countries $37.50/year• Sample Copy for new readers only: U.S. $3.95, others $5.95Write to WOLF!, Battle Ground, IN 47920 USA(765) 567-2265 FAX (765) 567-4299e-mail: wolf!@dcwi.comKatie HodgeMichael KenyonRandall LangeDoris LoucksTurk & Denise MahrlingJames MisenheimerJulius NadasGeorge NemeyerPeter ParkerToni ParkerDean & Bonnie ParkerCarol PinnickNick PrentoffKathy SeatonTeresa SkaggsHeather SmallTim SmiarKathleen StemnockMarcelle Stoll-HurlimannJoseph StrausMarj TackettElizabeth ThompsonKelli TorpeyNorine TwaddellEldon UlrichBob WeissPamala WilliamsGladys Wright!!4 5You — yes, YOU — want to go to Members’ Weekend!It’s on April 20-22 and there will be more stuff therethan you have ever seen! Come see our new building,our new bleachers, a fantastic art auction and guestspeakers Doug Smith and John Weller, as well as livearctic wolves from Wolfwood Ranch! Go fill in the formon the back page right now and mail it in! Don’t missout on the biggest party of the year!Seneca, the main pack’s alpha male.Photo by Monty SloanMonty Sloan’s photography is available online at Like the photos in this newsletter? Want to see more? Wolf Parkstaff photographer Monty Sloan has a web site up showcasing morethan ten years’ worth of wolf and wildlife photography.Check out this small sampling of an archive of thousands of imagesof wolves hunting, running, sleeping, interacting, and caring forpups. Download photos from the web site, or purchase matted orframed prints in a variety of sizes, screensavers, artists’ referencephotos, slides and more online.Want to learn to take photos like these? Attend a photographyseminar (info on page 10)!&3%0,*We have PAWPRINT WINDOW DECALS which are static cling soyou can move them again and again! 8 pawprints are $5.95.Adorable “howling wolf” EARRINGS are $8.50 — tiny pewter wolvessuspended on sterling silver wire. Matching NECKLACES are $7.50.Wolf BAND RINGS, 1/4” wide sterling silver with engraved wolfsilhouettes, are $16.95.CERAMIC and TRAVEL MUGS are $4.95. The ceramic mugs have anew design for this year. WINDOW STICKERS are 75 cents each,BUMPER STICKERS are $2.00, and LICENSE PLATES are $4.95each. The WOLF PARK VIDEO is available for $18.95. Grey andwhite BEAN BAG WOLVES are $19.95 (17”) and $10.95 (10”), LOGOPINS are $3.95, and PATCHES are $3.95.. EMBROIDERED DENIMSHIRTS are back for $39.95.All items available in the GIFT SHOP or by mail with an additional shipping charge.Wolf Park News Winter 2001 11

April 20-22, 2001For current members only!Become a member now so you can join the fun! Please Register Early!Please tell us how many people will be coming so we can plan ahead.Number attending Friday reception 7 pm-9 pmAdults (ages 13 & up) ______ Kids (ages 1-12) _______Number attending Saturday activities 10 am-9 pmAdults (ages 13 & up) ______ Kids (ages 1-12) _______Number attending Sunday activities 11 am-5 pmAdults (ages 13 & up) ______ Kids (ages 1-12) _______Number attending Saturday dinner 4 pm–7 pm (see box at right)______ people X $35.00 each = $ ________# of people wanting steak ________ # wanting chicken: _______________check enclosed ______ MC/Visa#_______________________________ expires: __________Signature__________________________________________Your signature is required for credit card purchases.Name: ____________________________________________Address: __________________________________________City: _________________ State: ________ Zip: ___________Phone: ____________________ Email: _________________Mail this form (and payment if attending dinner) to:Wolf Park, Battle Ground, IN 47920or call (765) 567-2265 between 9 and 5 Mon-Fri with yourcredit card to place reservations over the phone.This schedule is still tentative: activities may changeFriday, April 20, 2001:10 am-3:30 pm: Sponsors with appointments will be able to visit theiranimals. Make your appointment early! Due to the high number ofsponsors expected, photo sessions with Monty will NOT be available.No sponsor visits will be possible Saturday or Sunday.7 pm-9 pm: Reception at Wolf Park; complementary snacks,beverages. Evening tours of the Park, including flashlight tours toEast Lake (bring your own flashlight). Gift shop open.Saturday April 21, 2001:10 am-4 pm: Rotating activities at the Park: self guided tours;children’s activities, games, and videos; lectures, videos, slideshows,raffle (win Park items, even more nifty stuff) and more!Guest Speakers: John Weller (red wolves) (Doug Smith moved toSunday.)Arctic wolves from WolfwoodRanch will be on display all daycourtesy of OJ Volkman!Live Auction! With auctioneerDr. Samuel Conway. Beentertained as well asencouraged to bid on: art prints;meeting a wolf; a spot in theMonday photo seminar; uniquewolf items; dinner with the staff;and more!4 pm-7 pm: Dinner at the Trails(see box)—Park closed7 pm: Announcement ofraffle winners7:30 pm: Howl Night Banquet at The Trails(5 minutes from Wolf Park)Cash Bar 4 pmDinner 5:30 pmChoice of Steak or Chicken withProphet Salad Wild RiceCarrots VishyItalian veggies Fresh RollsIce CreamReservations required$35.00 per platePlease return form at leftDinner cancellations —entire fee will be treated as a taxdeductibledonation.Sunday April 22, 200111 am-5 pm: Lecture, Wolf Bison, feeding demo, children’s activities,Native American story telling. Doug Smith in afternoon.Monday April 23, 2001Photography seminar (bid on a place at the auction!)Appointments may be made in advance for sponsorship visits on thisdate. Members who wish to stay and volunteer for the clean-upoperations are welcome.A Non-profit OrganizationWOLF PARK NEWS is published by the North American Wildlife Park Foundation, Inc. © 2000, all rights reserved. All correspondence shouldbe addressed to : WOLF PARK NEWS, WOLF PARK, Battle Ground, IN 47920. (765) 567-2265 Website: www.wolfpark.orgThe opinions expressed here are not necessarily those of NAWPF, but are those of the individual authors.Editor in Chief: Erich Klinghammer, Ph.D., Director Editor: Jessica Willard Photographer: Monty SloanNAWPF is a 501 (c)3 Non-Profit Organization.WOLF PARK / NAWPFBattle Ground, IN 47920USANON-PROFIT ORG.U.S. POSTAGE PAIDBattle Ground, IN 47920PERMIT #007DATED MATERIALPlease do not delayADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTEDPrinted on recycled paper.MOVING? Please tell us your new address!