Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries

Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries

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470 THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ANDname for the sternest and most absolute system ofmaterial necessity: a God without a moral nature;without freedom; without personality; under thatname, in fact, force and matter making up onething are substituted for a living God, who, invirtue of the laws of nature, is swept out of hisown universe. So, again, Cicero's statement thatnan's hapDiiiess consists in virtue, which virtue islife according to nature, is the general doctrineof philosophy, which the Stoics in particular hadelaborated. If there be any one expression whichwould sum-up in a point the whole heathen conceptionof what man should do, it would be "Lifeaccording to nature." So, again, the exclusionof any thought of immortality, and a consequentretribution, in its bearing on morality, was commonto all the schools of Grecian thought, if wexcept the faltering accents and yearning heart ofPlato, and most of all was truly stoic. The imperfectionand unclearness of their view as to thedivine personality, and as to the human, in thereasonable being, the image and reflection of thedivine, accords but too truly, while it accountsfor, this detachment of man from God in the fieldof moral duty.4. What, then, remained to man after suchdeductions ? There remained the earthly city,the human commonwealth. And when, passingbeyond the bounds of any particular nation, andman's civil position therein, philosophy grasped

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY.471the moral life as the relation between man asman,52 and conceived human society itself as oneuniversal kingdom of gods and men, it made areal progress and reached its highest pthis was the proper merit of the Stoics.53 Plutarcattributes " to Zeno, their founder, this precise idea,that we ousrht C J not to live in cities and towns, eachdivided by peculiar notions of justice, but esteemall men as tribesmen and citizens, who should makeup one flock feeding in a common pasture under acommon law. The grandest passages of Cicero arethose in which he clothes in his Roman diction thisstoic idea, as for instance :54 uThey judge the worldto be ruled by the power and will of the gods, andto be a sort of city and polity common to gods andmen, and that everyone of us is part of this world."The bond of this community is the common possessionof reason,55 " in which consists the primalsociety of man with God. But they who have reasonin common, have also right reason in common.And as this is law, we are as men to be consideredted with the gods by law also. Now thwho have community of law,mmnity of rights. This latter makes them also to be-52 Zeller, iii. 1, 12.53 Kat fj.7]V T] TroAv ftav/tafou&i) troXireia. rov TTJV *S,ru>iKcav atptcriv Kara/3aA-Ao/xez/ou TA]vwvos ds sv rovro avvrdvei Ke^aAatoz/, ft/a fi^ Kara ir6\sts ju?j8e KaraiSiois e'/cacrrot §ici>picr/j.4voi SiKuiots, a\\a Trdvras avdpcoirovs j]yc*>-a S?]MOTas Kal Tro\iras, efs 5e. Plutarch, Alex. M. Virt. i. 6, p. 329, quoted byZeller, iii. 1, p. 281.De Finibus, iii. sec. 19. 5S De Legifais, i. 7, 6.

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY.471the moral life as the relation between man asman,52 and conceived human society itself as oneuniversal kingdom <strong>of</strong> gods and men, it made areal progress and reached its highest pthis was the proper merit <strong>of</strong> the Stoics.53 Plutarcattributes " to Zeno, their founder, this precise idea,that we ousrht C J not to live in cities and towns, eachdivided by peculiar notions <strong>of</strong> justice, but esteemall men as tribesmen and citizens, who should makeup one flock feeding in a common pasture under acommon law. <strong>The</strong> grandest passages <strong>of</strong> Cicero arethose in which he clothes in his Roman diction thisstoic idea, as for instance :54 u<strong>The</strong>y judge the worldto be ruled by the power and will <strong>of</strong> the gods, andto be a sort <strong>of</strong> city and polity common to gods andmen, and that everyone <strong>of</strong> us is part <strong>of</strong> this world."<strong>The</strong> bond <strong>of</strong> this community is the common possession<strong>of</strong> reason,55 " in which consists the primalsociety <strong>of</strong> man with God. But they who have reasonin common, have also right reason in common.And as this is law, we are as men to be consideredted with the gods by law also. Now thwho have community <strong>of</strong> law,mmnity <strong>of</strong> rights. This latter makes them also to be-52 Zeller, iii. 1, 12.53 Kat fj.7]V T] TroAv ftav/tafou&i) troXireia. rov TTJV *S,ru>iKcav atptcriv Kara/3aA-Ao/xez/ou TA]vwvos ds sv rovro avvrdvei Ke^aAatoz/, ft/a fi^ Kara ir6\sts ju?j8e KaraiSiois e'/cacrrot §ici>picr/j.4voi SiKuiots, a\\a Trdvras avdpcoirovs j]yc*>-a S?]MOTas Kal Tro\iras, efs 5e. Plutarch, Alex. M. Virt. i. 6, p. 329, quoted byZeller, iii. 1, p. 281.De Finibus, iii. sec. 19. 5S De Legifais, i. 7, 6.

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