Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries

Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries

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452 THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ANDthird from Carneades and Clitomachus. Of hisbooks on Divination, the first is taken from Chry-sippus, Posidonius, Diogenes, and Antipater ; thesecond from Carneades, and the stoic Panaitius.His treatise on Fate from the writings of Chrysip-pus, Posidonius, Cleanthes, and Carneades: hisElder Cato from Plato, Xenophon, Hippocrates,and Aristo of Chius : his Lcelius mainly from awriting of Theophrastus on Friendship. His mainauthority for the first two books on Offices isPanaetius ; and for the third Posidonius ; whilebesides Plato and Aristotle he has made use ofDiogenes of Babylon, Antipater of Tyre, and Hecato. .Now in this selection from rival and antagonisticschools-this oscillation between the posi-tive and sceptical tone of thought, this sitting asa judge rather than obeying as a disciple-Cicerovery exactly represented the tone and attitude ofthe cultivatedclasses in his own time and in thecentury following his death. Originality of mindin philosophic studies was gone; nor was anysystem as a whole believed in. The sceptic aneclectic turn of mind are but the reverse sides ofthe same mental coinage : he who selects fromall is convinced by none. Neither his doubts norhis choices satisfied Cicero, or any one - of thosewho followed him in that most important century,the eighth of the Roman city, fifty years of whichpreceded and fifty followed the coming of Christ.

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY.453In its philosophical productions no preceding centuryhad been so poor as this. It had only toshow the school of the Sextii, which arose athe beginning of our era, and toea sort of middle standing between Pythagorean,Cynic, and Stoic principles.39 This school was ofsmall importance, and soon became extinct. Withthis exception from Cicero to Seneca no names ofdistinction appear. There is a gap in philosophicalthought. A period so influential on the destiniesof man in its events, so celebrated for its politeliterature, on which the world has since been feed-ing, is barren in the highest realm of inquiry.For this reason there is a particular justice intaking Cicero as an exponent of heathen thoughtand spirit, the living specimen of the kind, inasmuchas he is the last philosophic writer beforeChristian thought appears in the world, and chosefor himself the function of summing up what hethought of value in the ages before him.We omit therefore nothing in our review ifwe place ourselves at the end of this centunin the reign of Claudius, and cast a srlance backward over that prodigious labour of human reasonthrough which we have hastily twhich had then lasted six hundred years. Thproblem was, given the universe, what will man'!reason in the most gifted, cultivated, inquiringdialectic race of the ancient world do with it ?39 Uebenveg, i. 219, 223.

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY.453In its philosophical productions no preceding centuryhad been so poor as this. It had only toshow the school <strong>of</strong> the Sextii, which arose athe beginning <strong>of</strong> our era, and toea sort <strong>of</strong> middle standing between Pythagorean,Cynic, and Stoic principles.39 This school was <strong>of</strong>small importance, and soon became extinct. Withthis exception from Cicero to Seneca no names <strong>of</strong>distinction appear. <strong>The</strong>re is a gap in philosophicalthought. A period so influential on the destinies<strong>of</strong> man in its events, so celebrated for its politeliterature, on which the world has since been feed-ing, is barren in the highest realm <strong>of</strong> inquiry.For this reason there is a particular justice intaking Cicero as an exponent <strong>of</strong> heathen thoughtand spirit, the living specimen <strong>of</strong> the kind, inasmuchas he is the last philosophic writer beforeChristian thought appears in the world, and chosefor himself the function <strong>of</strong> summing up what hethought <strong>of</strong> value in the ages before him.We omit therefore nothing in our review ifwe place ourselves at the end <strong>of</strong> this centunin the reign <strong>of</strong> Claudius, and cast a srlance backward over that prodigious labour <strong>of</strong> human reasonthrough which we have hastily twhich had then lasted six hundred years. Thproblem was, given the universe, what will man'!reason in the most gifted, cultivated, inquiringdialectic race <strong>of</strong> the ancient world do with it ?39 Uebenveg, i. 219, 223.

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