Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries

Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries Million Book Collection - The Fishers of Men Ministries

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432 THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ANDand knowing, as well as of his willing.4 As thatwhich is properly human in the soul, that whichhas had a beginning, must also pass away, eventhe understanding, and only the divine reason isimmortal, and as memory belongs to the sensitivesoul, and individual thinking only takes place bymeans of the passive intellect, all consciousnessmust cease with death. And again, clearly asAristotle maintains that man is the mover andmaster of his own actions, and has it in his powerto be good or evil, and thence repudiates the assumptionof Socrates and Plato that no one iswillingly evil, yet he cannot find a place for realfreedom of the will between the motion which arisesfrom sensitive desire, and that which proceedsfrom the divine intelligence dwelling in the soul.Necessity "j arises on both sides, from the thingswhich determine the passive understanding, andfrom the divine intelligence.5 Thus his physicaltheory, as in the case of Plato noted above,6 preventsa clear conception of the human personality.His notion of man in this point corresponds to hisnotion of God: he does not concern himself withquestions respecting the goodness, justice, and freedomof God, inasmuch as his God is not reallypersonal :7 so with regard to man we find in himno elucidation as to the question of moral freedom,nor of the origin and nature of wickedness in man.4 Dollinger, p. 310, sec. 139. 5 Ibid. p. 311, sec. 140.6 See p. 411, above. 7 Dollinger, pp. 307 and 311.

THE GREEK PHILOSOPHY.433Wickedness is with Aristotle the impotence to holdthe mean between too much and too little*: it pre-sents itself therefore only in this world of contingencyand change, and has no relation to God,since the first or absolute good has nothing op-posed to it. He has not the sense of moral perversionwith regard o to evil. In accordance withwhich the end of all moral activity with him isdness, which consists in the well-being arisingfrom an energy according to nature; as virtueis the observing a proper mean between two extremes.And the highest happiness is contemplativethought, the function of the divine in man,the turning away from everything external to theinner world of the conceptions.The religious character, which belongs conspicuouslyto Plato's philosophy, fails, it will beseen, in that of Aristotle. Whereas Plato stroveto purify the popular belief, and urged as thehighest point of virtue to become like to God bythe conjunction of justice and sanctity with prudence,8Aristotle divides morality from religion ashis God is separated off from the world.9 Hisscientific inquiries have not that immediate rela-tion to the personalife and the destiny of man inwhich the religiousness of Platonism most consists.His whole view of the world goes to explain things8 Alb Kal ireiuffdeu eV0eV5e/ceure0e'p Kara rb ^uvar6v 6/ucnWjs Se Sinuiov Kal oaiov juera (ppovfoewsK. r. A. Theatet. p. 17G. » Zellev, vol. ii. part 2, p. 623.II.

432 THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ANDand knowing, as well as <strong>of</strong> his willing.4 As thatwhich is properly human in the soul, that whichhas had a beginning, must also pass away, eventhe understanding, and only the divine reason isimmortal, and as memory belongs to the sensitivesoul, and individual thinking only takes place bymeans <strong>of</strong> the passive intellect, all consciousnessmust cease with death. And again, clearly asAristotle maintains that man is the mover andmaster <strong>of</strong> his own actions, and has it in his powerto be good or evil, and thence repudiates the assumption<strong>of</strong> Socrates and Plato that no one iswillingly evil, yet he cannot find a place for realfreedom <strong>of</strong> the will between the motion which arisesfrom sensitive desire, and that which proceedsfrom the divine intelligence dwelling in the soul.Necessity "j arises on both sides, from the thingswhich determine the passive understanding, andfrom the divine intelligence.5 Thus his physicaltheory, as in the case <strong>of</strong> Plato noted above,6 preventsa clear conception <strong>of</strong> the human personality.His notion <strong>of</strong> man in this point corresponds to hisnotion <strong>of</strong> God: he does not concern himself withquestions respecting the goodness, justice, and freedom<strong>of</strong> God, inasmuch as his God is not reallypersonal :7 so with regard to man we find in himno elucidation as to the question <strong>of</strong> moral freedom,nor <strong>of</strong> the origin and nature <strong>of</strong> wickedness in man.4 Dollinger, p. 310, sec. 139. 5 Ibid. p. 311, sec. 140.6 See p. 411, above. 7 Dollinger, pp. 307 and 311.

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