CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 27, 1986 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

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BRINTON ET AL.: GULF OF CALIFORNIA PLANKTONIC BIOTASCalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXVII, 198624N2220114.W. 112. 110‘ 108’Figure 20. Distribution of standing cropof zooplankton, cc displacementvolume per 1000 m3 of water, in layerbetween the surface and 300 m in theregion of the mouth of the Gulf ofCalifornia, spring 1960 (from Griffiths1968).across the mouth of the gulf (Figure 22) during May-June 1974 (Brinton 1979). Highest values were justwest and south of Cab0 San Lucas, and on the oppositeside of the gulf, off Cab0 Corrientes. Maxima were ator near the surface. Nighttime maxima exceededdaytime maxima, but values in excess of 25 cc/lOOO m3extended down only to about 100 m at night, comparedwith 400 m in daytime.High values to the west of Cab0 San Lucas includednumerous young stages of the semipelagic red crab, orlangostina, Pleuroncodes planipes (Reptantia, Galatheidae)(Figure 22). Only a few individuals werecaught across the mouth of the gulf. The nighttime distributionof Pleuroncodes showed dispersal to greaterdepth than in the daytime, thereby differing from theupward nighttime migration of euphausiids, describedabove. The pelagic phase of P. planipes in the CaliforniaCurrent was analyzed by Boyd (1963) and Longhurst(1967a). Adults occur widely in the gulf south ofIsla Tiburon, though the RV Alejundro de Humboldtreported largest catches on the Sonoran coast betweenIsla San Pedro Martir and Guaymas (Mathews et al.1974).An abundance of material appearing to consist ofplankton detritus is evident to anyone who has traversedthe gulf during calms seas. This materialbelongs to the approximately 88% of the seston consistingof detritus reported by Zeitzschel (1970).Ephemeral, amorphous aggregates of matter are conspicuousto the naked eye in surface waters but are notretained by plankton nets. Alldredge (1979) developedtechniques to measure and enumerate such aggregates.She found that “marine snow” composed of aggregatesof 3 mm or more made up 4% to 8% of total particulateorganic carbon, nitrogen, protein, carbohydrate, lipid,and particulate dry weight in surface samples from thegulf: 20% of these aggregates were of recognizablezooplankton origin. The most abundant zooplanktonproducedaggregates were found to be the discardedappendicularian houses of Oikopleura sp., Megalocercushuxleyi, and Stegosoma magnum. Agglutinationaround nuclei of zooplankton-produced mucousappeared to be a common mechanism for compoundingsmall particles into macroscopic marine snow.TABLE 3Seasonal Variation in Average Zooplankton Biomass(Displacement Volume per 1000m3)CalCOFI cruise X S.D5602 171 * 121”5604 408 *3135702 355 t 2245704 490b5706 334 * 3345108 244 2 180aIsla Tiburon southward, onlybBecomes 782 ? 1618 when five samples having numerous smallsalps, Thalia democratica, are included.258
BRINTON ET AL.: GULF OF CALIFORNIA PLANKTONIC BIOTASCalCOFl Rep.. Vol. XXVII. 1986Figure 21. Zooplankton displacement volume, cc per 1000 m3 in the 0-140-m layer sampled by CalCOFl during 1956-57 in the Gulf of California, by means of a 1 -m ringnet of 0.6-mm mesh width.BioluminescenceEuphausia eximia (calyptopis I); calanoid copepodsDuring a November-December 1981 cruise to the Centropages furcatus, Paracalanus indicus, andnorth end of the Canal de las Ballenas, Lapota and Acrocalanus longicornis; cyclopoid copepodsLosee ( 1984) observed bioluminescing plankton: Corycaeus speciosus and C. latus; the dinoflagellateslarvae of the euphausiids Nyctiphanes simplex (calyp- Ceratium breve, C. horridum, and C. gibberum. Thetopis I1 and furcilia 1-111 stages and juveniles) and observations indicated the importance of some of the259
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REPORTSVOLUMECICTCIBERXXVll1986
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EDITOR Julie OlfeSPANISH EDITOR Pat
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COMMITTEE REPORTCalCOFI Rep., Vol.
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FISHERIES REVIEW: 1985CalCOFl Rep.,
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FISHERIES REVIEW: 1985CalCOFI Rep.,
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BINDMAN: 1985 NORTHERN ANCHOVY SPAW
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~~ ~BINDMAN: 1985 NORTHERN ANCHOVY
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WOLF AND SMITH: MAGNITUDE OF SARDIN
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PUBLICATIONSCalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXVI
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Part I1SYMPOSIUM OF THE CALCOFI CON
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PETERSEN ET AL.: NEARSHORE HYDROGRA
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Part 111SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS
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BAILEY ET AL.: FORECASTING HAKE REC
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BAILEY ET AL.: FORECASTING HAKE REC
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ESPINO AND WOSNITZA-MENDO: PERUVIAN
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MacGREGOR: SEBASTES ABUNDANCECalCOF
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MacGREGOR: SEEASTES ABUNDANCECalCOF
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-~ ~MacCREGOR: SEBASTES ABUNDANCECa
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LLUCH-BELDA ET AL.: GULF OF CALIFOR
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DuracionQUINONEZ-VELAZQUEZ Y GOMEZ-
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FIEDLER: OFFSHORE ENTRAINMENT OF AN
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SCHMITT: SELECTIVITY AND FEEDING OF
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SCHMIlT: SELECTIVITY AND FEEDING OF
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ARCOS AND FLEMINGER: CALANOID COPEP
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TRUJILLO-ORTIZ: ACARTlA CALIFORNIEN
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TRUJILLO-ORTIZ: ACARTIA CALIFORNIEN
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TRUJILLO-ORTIZ: ACARTIA CALlFORNlEN
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TRUJILLO-ORTLZ: ACARTIA CALIFORNIEN
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CHEN: VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PELA
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