CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 27, 1986 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

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TRUJILLO-ORTIZ: ACARTlA CALIFORNIENSIS LIFE CYCLECalCOFl Rep., Vol. XXVII, 1986LIFE CYCLE OF THE MARINE CALANOID COPEPODACARTlA CALlFORNENSlS TRINAST REARED UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONSANTONIO TRUJILLO-ORTIZCentro de lnvestigaciones de Quintana Roo, A.C. (CIQRO)Apartado Postal 886Cancun, Quintana Roo77500-MexicoABSTRACTFor the first time the entire life cycle of 6 naupliarand 5 copepodid stages and 1 adult stage of the marinecalanoid copepod Acarria cafiforniensis Trinast is describedand illustrated. The account includes setationand segmentation for all stages. Specimens fromEstero de Punta Banda, Baja California, MCxico, werereared under laboratory conditions (17°C t 1°C and35 %o).The sexual differences found in the structure of appendages,in the urosome, fifth swimming legs, andfirst antenna were only in the sixth copepodid stage(adult). Comparative anatomical measurements suchas total length and prosome/urosome ratio were alsorecorded.RESUMENSe describe, por primera vez, el ciclo de vidacompleto del copCpodo calanoideo marino Acarriacaliforniensis Trinast, a partir de especimenes cultivadosbajo condiciones de laboratorio (17°C +_ 1°C y 35%o) provenientes del Estero de Punta Banda, BajaCalifornia, Mexico. La descripcion incluye la setacidny segmentacidn de todos 10s estadios de desarrollo.En base a 10s resultados de la descripcion, lasdiferencias sexuales en la estructuracidn de 10saphdices, en el urosoma, quinta pata natatoria yanthula, s610 fueron encontradas en el estadio adulto(C-VI). TambiCn se registraron datos anatomicoscomparativos como longitud total y razon prosoma/urosoma.INTRODUCTIONIn most investigations of copepod populationdynamics, a production estimate has been approachedthrough study of the populations’ life cycles, for example,cohort analysis (Landry 1976). For the sake ofsimplicity, however, naupliar stages (Yablonskaya1962; Heinle 1966; Parsons et al. 1969) and copepodidstages (Greze and Baldina 1964) have often beengrouped as single units.Several authors have observed that naupliar larvaeof marine copepods belonging to the same genus are[Manuscript received January 16. 19X6.1remarkably similar, and sometimes identical. Examplesare Acartia longiremis Lilljeborg, A. bijilosaGiesbrecht, and A. clausi Giesbrecht (Oberg 1906;Gurney 1932), and A. ronsa Dana and A. californiensisTrinast (Trinast 1976; Pace 1978; Johnson 1981).According to Johnson (1934) there are two mainreasons for studying the life cycle of copepods. First,from a taxonomic point of view, knowing larvaldevelopment will help reveal the natural relationshipsamong adult organisms. Second, in order to better understandtheir importance in the ocean’s economy, it isnecessary to know the organisms accurately, to distinguishall their developmental stages, and to ascertainthe habits and requirements of each.Life cycles have been described for at least 106copepod species, but almost all of the descriptions areincomplete. Bjornberg (1972) also described the partiallife cycles of 21 more species. The descriptions areincomplete because it is difficult to collect all developmentalstages of copepods in nature and to keepthem in culture.Acarria, the only genus in the family Acartiidae,contains about 79 described species belonging to the 8subgenera proposed by Steuer ( 1923); undoubtedly,new species are yet to be described. This genus iswidely distributed and recorded in all oceans (Subbaraju1967). It occurs in coastal waters, especiallyestuaries (Uye 1982). However, larvae of only 13 of the79 species have been described.Acartia californiensis Trinast (subgenus Acanrhacarria:group Rostrata of Steuer 1923) was describedby Trinast (1976). It is endemic to the northeasternPacific and apparently restricted to estuaries and coastallagoons (Figure 1). According to Johnson (1981),A. californiensis extends north to Yaquina Bay,Oregon. On the California coast, this species has beenrecorded from San Francisco Bay (Johnson 1981),Elkhorn Slough in Monterey Bay (Pace 1978),Newport Bay in Los Angeles (Trinast 1976), andLaguna Penasquitos and Mission Bay in San Diego(Fleminger, pers. comm.). It has also been observed inabundance at Estero de Punta Banda in Bahia de TodosSantos in Ensenada, Baja California (Trujillo-Ortiz,unpublished data), Laguna de Guerrero Negro, BajaCalifornia Sur (Fleminger, pers. comm.), and Laguna188
TRUJILLO-ORTIZ: ACARTIA CALIFORNIENSIS LIFE CYCLECalCOFl Rep., Vol. XXVII, 1986130.W \ \I 110'116'36'31'46'11°46'31'50'TOOOS SANTOSBAY1Figure 1 Known geographical distribution of Acartja cahformensis116'40'Ojo de Liebre, Baja California Sur (Trujillo-Ortiz, unpublisheddata).The biology of Acartia californiensis is practicallyunknown. Pace (1978) studied its distribution,abundance, and rates of fecundity and growth inElkhorn Slough in Monterey Bay; Johnson (1980)studied the effects of temperature and salinity onproduction and hatching of dormant eggs in YaquinaBay; and Johnson ( 1981) studied population dynamicsand cohort persistence in Yaquina Bay. Zimmerman(1972), Frolander et al. (l973), Johnson (1974),Johnson and Miller ( 1974), and Miller et al. (1977) hadalready worked with A. californiensis, but because ofits close resemblance to A. tonsa, and because it hadnot yet been described as a separate species, theymistook it for A. tonsa. They considered it a smallerecophenotypic variant of the larger offshore A. tonsa,present in the northerly Davidson Current during thewinter. In other studies Trinast (1975) called it Acurrinn. sp., and Uye and Fleminger (1976) Acarriu sp. I.MATERIALS AND METHODSSampling SiteAdult specimens of both seKes were collected frompopulations in the inner and middle regions of Estero"Figure 2. Location of Estero de Punta Banda inBahia de Todos Santos, Baja California, Mexico.Numerals I and I1 indicate the two sampling stationswhere Acartia californiensis adults were1 taken.de Punta Banda (Figure 2). Estero de Punta Banda is acoastal lagoon located between 31 "42' -31'47" and116'37' - 116"40'W in the southwestern end of Bahiade Todos Santos about 13 km south of the city ofEnsenada on the Pacific coast of Baja California.Collection of SamplesZooplankton sampling was done with a 0.5-mdiameterstandard plankton net of Nitex 202-km-meshmonofilament screen cloth (nylon) hauled obliquelyfor 3 minutes at 1-2 knots at the two stations in Esterode Punta Banda. Hauls were circular, with the net besidethe boat in order to avoid water disturbance causedby the propeller. Sampling depth varied according tobottom topography.Two hauls were performed at each station: 1 kept onesample alive, and preserved the other with 5% for-189
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REPORTSVOLUMECICTCIBERXXVll1986
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EDITOR Julie OlfeSPANISH EDITOR Pat
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COMMITTEE REPORTCalCOFI Rep., Vol.
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FISHERIES REVIEW: 1985CalCOFl Rep.,
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FISHERIES REVIEW: 1985CalCOFI Rep.,
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BINDMAN: 1985 NORTHERN ANCHOVY SPAW
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PUBLICATIONSCalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXVI
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Part I1SYMPOSIUM OF THE CALCOFI CON
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PETERSEN ET AL.: NEARSHORE HYDROGRA
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