Satellite Orbit and Ephemeris Determination using Inter Satellite Links

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Inter Satellite Links4.4 PRECISE SHORT TERM ORBIT REPRESENTATION..................................................................614.4.1 GLONASS BROADCAST EPHEMERIS ..................................................................................634.4.1.1 Extended GLONASS Format........................................................................................644.4.2 GPS BROADCAST EPHEMERIS .............................................................................................644.4.3 WAAS GEO BROADCAST EPHEMERIS................................................................................674.4.4 INTELSAT EPHEMERIS FORMAT........................................................................................685 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................705.1 ORBIT INTEGRATION................................................................................................................725.2 REAL TIME STATE ESTIMATION ..............................................................................................745.3 MEASUREMENT SIMULATION ..................................................................................................755.3.1 THERMAL NOISE ..................................................................................................................765.3.2 IONOSPHERIC MODEL ..........................................................................................................815.3.3 TROPOSPHERIC MODEL........................................................................................................835.3.4 MULTIPATH SIMULATION ....................................................................................................835.4 CO-ORDINATE TRANSFORMATION ..........................................................................................845.4.1 PRECESSION .........................................................................................................................845.4.2 NUTATION............................................................................................................................855.4.3 POLAR MOTION....................................................................................................................855.4.4 EARTH ROTATION (HOUR ANGLE) ......................................................................................855.5 BROADCAST EPHEMERIS..........................................................................................................875.5.1 ADJUSTMENT OF THE BROADCAST MESSAGE .....................................................................875.5.2 EPHEMERIS CONTRIBUTION TO URE...................................................................................885.6 AUTONOMOUS INTEGRITY MONITORING ...............................................................................896 SIMULATION AND RESULTS...................................................................................................926.1 CONSTELLATIONS, GROUND NETWORKS AND SIMULATION SCENARIOS ............................926.1.1 CONSTELLATIONS ................................................................................................................926.1.1.1 Optimized GPS Constellation .......................................................................................936.1.1.2 IGSO Walker Constellation...........................................................................................956.1.1.3 IGSO on three Loops.....................................................................................................976.1.1.4 GEO / IGSO ..................................................................................................................986.1.1.5 Pure LEO Constellation...............................................................................................1006.1.1.6 GEO / LEO..................................................................................................................1016.1.1.7 Galileo 1 (Pure MEO) .................................................................................................1036.1.1.8 Galileo 2 (GEO/MEO) ................................................................................................1046.1.2 NETWORKS.........................................................................................................................1066.1.2.1 GPS OCS.....................................................................................................................1066.1.2.2 DORIS Network..........................................................................................................1066.1.2.3 Proposed Galileo Network ..........................................................................................1086.1.2.4 Custom Global Network..............................................................................................1096.1.2.5 Custom Regional Network ..........................................................................................1096.1.3 SIMULATION SCENARIOS ...................................................................................................1106.2 ORBIT DETERMINATION ACCURACY ....................................................................................1116.2.1 OPTIMIZED GPS CONSTELLATION.....................................................................................1126.2.1.1 Ground Tracking (OCS)..............................................................................................1126.2.1.2 Ground Tracking with Augmented Network...............................................................113Page iiR. Wolf
Inter Satellite Links6.2.2 IGSO WALKER CONSTELLATION...................................................................................... 1146.2.2.1 Ground Tracking......................................................................................................... 1146.2.2.2 Ground and Inter Satellite Tracking............................................................................ 1156.2.2.3 Ground and Inter Satellite Tracking with Reduced Network...................................... 1156.2.3 IGSO ON THREE LOOPS..................................................................................................... 1176.2.3.1 Ground Tracking......................................................................................................... 1176.2.3.2 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking ............................................................................. 1186.2.4 GEO / IGSO ...................................................................................................................... 1196.2.4.1 Ground Tracking......................................................................................................... 1196.2.4.2 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking ............................................................................. 1216.2.4.3 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking (Regional Network) ............................................ 1236.2.5 PURE LEO CONSTELLATION ............................................................................................. 1256.2.5.1 Ground Tracking with Full Network........................................................................... 1256.2.5.2 Ground Tracking with Reduced Network................................................................... 1266.2.5.3 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking (Reduced Network)............................................. 1276.2.6 GEO / LEO........................................................................................................................ 1286.2.6.1 Ground Tracking (Full Network)................................................................................ 1286.2.6.2 Ground Tracking (Reduced Network) ........................................................................ 1286.2.6.3 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking (Reduced Network)............................................. 1286.2.7 GALILEO 1 (PURE MEO) ................................................................................................... 1306.2.7.1 Ground Tracking......................................................................................................... 1306.2.7.2 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking ............................................................................. 1316.2.8 GALILEO 2 (GEO/MEO).................................................................................................... 1326.2.8.1 Ground Tracking......................................................................................................... 1326.2.8.2 Ground and Intersatellite Tracking (Full Network) .................................................... 1346.3 ACCURACY OF BROADCAST EPHEMERIS (USER EPHEMERIS) ............................................ 1366.3.1 MODEL FITTING ERROR..................................................................................................... 1366.3.2 ORBIT DETERMINATION AND PROPAGATION ERROR ........................................................ 1386.3.3 EPHEMERIS ACCURACY OF SCENARIOS............................................................................ 1486.3.3.1 Optimized GPS ........................................................................................................... 1496.3.3.2 IGSO Walker Constellation ........................................................................................ 1496.3.3.3 IGSO on Three Loops................................................................................................. 1496.3.3.4 GEO / IGSO Constellation.......................................................................................... 1496.3.3.5 Pure LEO Walker Constellation.................................................................................. 1506.3.3.6 GEO / LEO Constellation ........................................................................................... 1506.3.3.7 Galileo Option 1 (Pure MEO)..................................................................................... 1506.3.3.8 Galileo Option 2 (GEO / MEO).................................................................................. 1517 AUTONOMOUS ONBOARD PROCESSING.......................................................................... 1527.1 WHY ONBOARD PROCESSING?.............................................................................................. 1527.2 IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS OF ONBOARD PROCESSING.................................................... 1547.2.1 COMPLEXITY OF ORBIT PREDICTION AND ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS............................. 1557.2.2 ONBOARD PROCESSING USING ISLS.................................................................................. 1567.3 APPLICATION EXAMPLE: AVAILABILITY DURING ORBIT MANOEUVRES .......................... 1587.3.1 CONTINUED SERVICE DURING MANOEUVRES................................................................... 1607.3.2 FREQUENTLY UPDATED EPHEMERIS CORRECTIONS ......................................................... 1637.4 APPLICATION EXAMPLE: AUTONOMOUS ONBOARD INTEGRITY MONITORING................ 1637.4.1 USER POSITION ERROR DUE TO NORMAL ORBIT AND CLOCK DEGRADATION ................. 1687.4.2 USER POSITION DEGRADATION DUE TO UNFORESEEN ORBIT MANOEUVRE .................... 172R. Wolf Page iii
Page 1 and 2: Satellite Orbit and EphemerisDeterm
Page 3 and 4: Inter Satellite LinksAbstractGlobal
Page 5: Inter Satellite LinksTable of Conte
Page 9 and 10: Inter Satellite LinksList of Figure
Page 11 and 12: Inter Satellite LinksFigure 6-38 Tr
Page 13 and 14: Inter Satellite LinksList of Tables
Page 15 and 16: Inter Satellite LinksJ2Earths Oblat
Page 17 and 18: Inter Satellite LinksIntroduction1
Page 19 and 20: Inter Satellite LinksIntroductionGE
Page 21 and 22: Inter Satellite LinksISL Observatio
Page 23 and 24: Inter Satellite LinksState Estimati
Page 26 and 27: State EstimationInter Satellite Lin
Page 36 and 37: Orbit ComputationInter Satellite Li
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Orbit ComputationInter Satellite Li
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Software DescriptionInter Satellite
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Simulations and ResultsInter Satell
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Autonomous Onboard ProcessingInter
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ReferencesInter Satellite Linksinte
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Satellite Orbit and Ephemeris Determination using Inter Satellite Links

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