Satellite Orbit and Ephemeris Determination using Inter Satellite Links

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IntroductionInter Satellite Linksmaximum possible separation angle between two ground referenced observations. This leadsto a significant larger uncertainty in the off-radial components of the orbit, than in the radialcomponent. In the following figure the distances between satellites and earth, as well as theearth’s diameter are approximately drawn to scale.GEOGEOFigure 1-2 ISL Tracking Geometry for a GEO SatelliteAn ISL to another GEO satellite results in a much better observability of the tangential orbiterrors. As a result, the decorrelation of the clock error and the radial orbit error is enhancedand shortened. Another benefit from ISL’s is the improvement in satellite tracking capabilityfor satellites at low earth orbit (LEO). Usually a large scale ground network is required toprovide reasonable coverage of the complete LEO satellite orbit. The ground network of theDORIS system, for instance, consist of 51 ground beacons distributed over the entire world. Iffor example a GEO would be used to establish an ISL, the LEO satellite would remain inview to that satellite for more than one third of its orbit. The next figure indicates the trackinggeometry for a LEO / GEO inter satellite link.Page 2R. Wolf
Inter Satellite LinksIntroductionGEOLEOFigure 1-3 Tracking Geometry for LEO SatelliteOn the other hand, its also clear that an ISL payload increases the complexity of the spacecraft (mass, power consumption) and therefore its cost. There is a trade off between thebenefits with respect to accuracy / observability and overall system complexity, which has tobe done.This text deals with the mathematical methods to account for ISL’s in the state estimationprocess. The majority of the equations and algorithms given in the next chapters have beenimplemented in a software package, thus also results from simulation runs will be given. Atthe end in this text, the topic of autonomous (onboard) state estimation will be investigated,which seems to be a perfect match for inter satellite links, at least on the first glance. Theclosing chapters contain recommendation concerning the possibilities of ISL’s in the contextof a future GNSS 2 as well as a conclusion.R. Wolf Page 3
Page 1 and 2: Satellite Orbit and EphemerisDeterm
Page 3 and 4: Inter Satellite LinksAbstractGlobal
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Page 13 and 14: Inter Satellite LinksList of Tables
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Software DescriptionInter Satellite
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Simulations and ResultsInter Satell
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Satellite Orbit and Ephemeris Determination using Inter Satellite Links

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