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MUSLIM SCHOLAR CONTRIBUTION IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRYSalma ALMAHDIScheref ed-din Sabuncuoglu: cauterizationof the dental pulp through a cannula 1465(from Huard and Gremek)He also said: The toothworm which causes cariesusually is fumigated with mustard, henbane or adog’s tooth.He also recommended arsenic compound in theprescription for holes in the teeth, caries, loosening,and against relaxing of the nerves as a result of toomuch fluids (2,3).3. Abu- Ali al Husain ibnAbdullah Ibn SinaIbn Sina, whose name we recognize in itsLatinized form as Avicenna, was born near Bukharain 980, and died in 1037.He was called the {prince of physicians} as hewrote {canon medicine} which was of five volume,and this book determined the medical thinking of theworld for centuries.Ibn Sina specialized many chapters in his booktalking about the art of dentistry, so concerningrestorative dentistry. Ibn Sina filled carious teeth withcypress, grass, mastix, myrrh, or styrax, among otherswith gallnut, yellow sulfur, pepper, camphor, aswell as with the drugs for fighting pain, like applicationof wolf’s milk and arsenic from al-Gazzar.Arsenic boiled in oil should be dripped into the cariousdefect itself.The great Ibn Sina also firmly maintains thestereotype of henbane fumigation as a remedy for theJISHIM 2003, 2toothworm, just as al-Gazzar: take four grains each ofhenbane and leek seeds and two half onions, knead itwith goat fat until it is smooth, and make pills from itwith a weight of dirham, burn one pill in a funnelunder a covering of the patients head (4).The Toothworm conceptThe believe of toothworm was not accepted, ascan be seen from the reports of a certain Gaubari,who lived around 1200, his “book of the Elite concerningthe unmasking of mysteries and tearing ofveils” contains a chapter about dentistry, in it therewere revealed a quantity of tricks with which pretendedtoothworms (5).Fruit maggots, dissected camel sinews wereplaced into the patients mouth and than shown as thetoothworms which was causing the pain. These werethings, therefore which in the opinion of the author,did not even exist.REFERENCES1. Khalifa E: Arabian description of dental caries in the 10 thcentury. J Am.Dent.ass. 1937; 24:1847-52.2. Kitab alhawi FI t-tibb.Vol.iii.Haidarbad 19553. Kitab Zad al Musafir wa-Gut al- Hadir (provisions for thetraveler and nutritions for the sedentary).MS. KopenhagenArab.1094. Kamil as-Sina a’at-Tibbiya (=Kitab al-Malaki) Bulaq. 129425. Hoffmann-Axthelm, Walter: History of Dentistry.1981.isbn3876521057
The Application Of Ayurvedic Therapies In Turkey AndThe Importance Of Ginger Use From The Point Of ViewOf Ayurvedic PrinciplesAysegul Demirhan ERDEMIR** Uludag University, Medical Faculty, Director of Medical Ethics and Medical HistoryBursa - TURKEYe-mail:ademirer@yahoo.comIn this paper, the importance of Ayurveda is pointed out . Moreover, the clinic of Hay in Turkey is also mentioned and some knowledgeabout some ayurvedic applications are given and the importance of ginger use is stressed from the point of view of Ayurvedictherapies.Key Words: Ayurvedic Therapies, Ginger, Hay ClinicSummaryAyurvedic therapies are applied in some specialclinics in Turkey. Ayurveda is an alternative medicalapplication. We know some terms and concepts aboutthis subject.Ayurveda 1. The Indian philosophy that forms thebasis for ayurvedic medicine; although the termsayurveda and ayurvedic medicine are often used interchangeably,the former is more global and includesboth the ayurvedic philosophy and those componentsof ayurveda that are applied in modern ayurvedic medicine;the major branches of ayurveda incorporatedinto current ayurvedic medicine are internal medicine,geriatrics, aphrodisiac medicine, and panckbakarma;the other branches of ayurveda-ophthalmology otorhinolaryngology,psychiatry, psychotherapy, pediatrics,surgery, and toxicology, have been largely abandonedin favor of the Western versions of these fields (1).Ayurvedic healing means Ayurvedic medicine.Ayurvedic herbal medicine Ayurvedic medicine,A therapeutic system based on the classification offoods and herbs into four groups: Energy-virya, tasterasa,postdigestive effect-vipaka, and potency-vipaka;specific herbs are used to increase or decrease thedoshas (kapha, pitta, and vata).Ayurvedic massage Abhyanga, Ayurvedic lymphaticmassage, marma therapy A form of massage,that stimulates spesific marma points, which areinvisible but palpable junction points between mindand matter, analogous to the pressure points inacupuncture; abhyanga is performed by touch andusing special oils and transcendental meditation.Ayurvedic medicine Ayurveda, ayurvedic healing,ayurvedism, vedic healing, vedic medicineAlternative medicine Sanskrit, Ayur-Life, vedaknowledge,the oldest existing medical system in theworld, which is practiced by approximately 300 000physicians, primarily in the subcontinent of India;ayurvedic medicine encompasses aromatherapy, dietand nutrition, herbal medicine, massage, and vedicastrology; ayurvedic philosophy holds that disease iscaused by an imbalance of homeostatic and immunemechanisms related to three physiological priciplesor ‘doshas’ (2).DoshasVata Dosha Wind force, vata represents fluid andmotion, and corresponds to the Western concepts ofcirculation and neuromuscular activity.Pitta Dosha Sun force, Pitta directs all metabolicactivities, energy exchange, and digestionKapha Dosha Moon force, Kapha representsstructure, cohesion and fluid balance and, when58 JISHIM 2003, 2
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JOURNAL OF ISHIMINSTRUCTIONS T O AU
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EDITORIALThis issue of ISHIM journa
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MAJNOON LILAH. A. Hajar AL BINALIan
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