CHILD HEALTH AS VIEWED BY IBN-SINAAbdul Nasser KAADANIn the management of the child during the nursing period:At the end, I would like to conclude my presentationby a word of truth, written by the European doctorDe Poure who declared: <strong>Medicine</strong> was absent tillHypocrites created it, dead till Galen revived it, dispersedtill Rhazes collected it, deficient till Avicennacompleted it. Also, in the west it has been said: anyone who wants to be a good doctor must beAvicennist.REFERENCES1 Al-Baba MZ: Some of Medical Books Edited by Ibn Sina.Institute for <strong>History</strong> of Arabic Science-Aleppo University,Aleppo-Syria, 1984.2. Al-Baba MZ: <strong>History</strong> <strong>and</strong> Legislation of Pharmacy, p. 344,Damascus University, Damascus-Syria, 1986.3. El- Shatti Shevket, <strong>History</strong> of <strong>Medicine</strong>, University ofDamascus, 1960.4. Ibn-Sina: Al-Qanun fit-Tibb. Vol. 3, P. 197, Dar Sader,Lebanon, 1980.JISHIM 2003, 2 41
Development Of The Foundations Of QuarantineIn Turkey In The Nineteenth Century And Its PlaceIn The Public HealthProf. Dr. Aysegül Demirhan ERDEMIR*, Prof. Dr. Oztan ONCEL*** Uludag University, Department of <strong>History</strong> of <strong>Medicine</strong> <strong>and</strong> Medical Ethics, Faculty of <strong>Medicine</strong>, Bursa, Turkeye-mail: ademirer@yahoo.com** Ýstanbul University, Department of <strong>History</strong> of <strong>Medicine</strong> <strong>and</strong> Medical Ethics Faculty of Istanbul <strong>Medicine</strong>, Ýstanbul, Turkeye-mail: oztanoncel@superonline.comSummaryInfectious diseases such as leprosy, cholera, thyphus etc were seen in Turkey in the nineteenth century, Moreover, the concept ofcontagion was known in the nineteenth century.. Physicians treated their patients in the separate departments of the hospitals in thatcentury. Patients with leprosy were also hospitalized in the hospitals of leprosy. These hospitals are called as darüsshifa in theOttomans’ Period. It means the house of healing. The first leprosy hospitals were seen in the fourteenth <strong>and</strong> fifteenth centuries inAnatolia. Thus,the first leprosy hospital was also established in Edirne in Turkey in the fifteenth century. Another hospital wasKaracaahmet Leprosy Hospital. It was established in 1514. The nineteenth century is the period of the first modern quarantine foundationsin Turkey.Thus, the first modern quarantine foundation was also founded in Istanbul in the nineteenth century. MustafaBehchet who was a Turkish physician wrote a book called Cholera Pamplet in the nineteenth century For the first time, the ships whichcame to Istanbul from the Black Sea were quarantined. In the nineteenth century. This was the first modern quarantine application inTurkey. During Cholera epidemic, the first quarantine foundation was established in Canakkale in 1835. Moreover, anotherQuarantine Management was also founded in Istanbul in 1837. This Management consisted of two boards. One of them was HighQuarantine Assembly. Another Board was Quarantine Bureau. Moreover, the centers of Quarantine were also established in somecities of Turkey. Some knowledge about these centers are recorded in the Ottoman Archives’ Documents. Quarantine Regulation withthe date of 1851 contained some knowledge about quarantine personnel, the duties of quarantine doctors etc. The general directory ofhealth of coast was founded instead of the management of quarantine in the Turkish Republic Period. Today, the centers of health ofcoast are under the order of this general directory.In this paper, Ottoman Archives’ documents about quarantine foundations are used as a material <strong>and</strong> are studied.IntroductionInfectious diseaes have been seen since ancientages. Some foundations of quarantine were establishedfor these diseases in many countries Patientswith infectious diseases were separated in these foundationsfor 40 days (1). This application has beenmade both in Turkey <strong>and</strong> in other countries for years.We know that quarantine word in English means 40,quarante in French. This word also means quarantanein Italian <strong>and</strong> curantena in Spanish. In Turkish, it isused as karantina. Ahmet Mithat Efendi who was afamous author used quarantine word (karantina inTurkish) as a separation of 40 days in the nineteenth.century (2). Quarantaine (karantina) word is alsowritten in a dictionary of Sherafeddin Magmumicalled Kamus-Týbbi with the date of 1910 (3). The42same descriptions are also found in DictionaireMedical Français-Turc (4).Muslim physicians studied on contagious diseasesin the Middle Ages <strong>and</strong> some <strong>Islamic</strong> physians likeIbn Sina, Razi etc wrote some books on this topic(5). Thus, leprosy hospitals were found in these countriesin the Middle Ages. Many European countrieswere also interested in epidemic diseases in theMiddle Ages. For example, a Leprosy Hospital wasfounded in Lyon in 1472. The first quarantine foundationwas established in Sainte Marie, Venice in thefourteenth century. Moreover, quarantine was alsoapplied in Genoa in 1467 <strong>and</strong> then in Milano. InUnited Kingdom, some applications on quarantinewere accepted in 1498 <strong>and</strong> in 1499. In Europe, we seemany qurantine foundations <strong>and</strong> applications in theJISHIM 2003, 2
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