Islamic Medicine History and Current Practice - International Society ...

The Indian Muslims Red Crescent Society’s Aid to theOttoman State During the Balkan War in 1912Zuhal OZAYDIN** Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Department of Deontology and History of Medicine, Turkey.e-mail : ozaydinn@superonline.comSummaryThe war that was declared in 1912 against the Ottoman Empire by Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Greece brought other disasterswith it. The cholera outbreak that started during the war and spread rapidly among the Bulgarian Turks who were fleeing to Turkeyleft the Ottoman Empire in a difficult position. In these difficult days the Red Cross and the Red Crescent came to their aid. The IndianMuslims sent the money they had collected to the Red Crescent. Also the Indian Muslims who came to Istanbul along with the healthstaff gave excellent service. The help of the physician and statesman Dr. Muhtar Ahmed Ensârî Bey, who had fought for the independenceof India, continued at the front and behind the front lines. Together with Muhammed Ali and Zafer Han he created a project fundedby the Indian Muslims that would create a place for the immigrants to stay in Anatolia. The assistance of the Indian Muslims wasnot confined just to the Balkan War, but continued during World War I and the War of Independence.Key Words; Indian Red Crescent, Ottoman Red Crescent, Balkan War (1912), Balkan War and Health Services (1912), MuhtarAhmed Ensârî, Pakistan.IntroductionThe Red Cross and Red Crescent were founded toassist wounded soldiers, but in the ensuing years,services were expanded to assist humanity in otherareas. The outbreaks of contagious diseases and themigrations of large populations were also added tothe duties of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, asthese were disasters caused by wars. In the last issue,aid from the Egyptian Red Cross to the OttomanEmpire during the Balkan War was discussed and inthis issue help from the Indian Muslims to theOttoman Red Crescent Foundation will be discussed.The Ottoman Empire faced very difficult days duringthe 1912 Balkan War. Declaration of war byMontenegro on October 8, 1912, by Bulgaria andSerbia on October 17, and Greece on October 19, wasthe cause for many disasters for the Ottoman Empire.When the Eastern Army of the Ottomans was defeatedby the Bulgarians and retreated to Çatalca, a choleraoutbreak occurred. The cholera outbreak spread rapidlyover a large area. (1,2,3), and the Ottoman Empirelost in this war due to the cholera outbreak (4).Due to the war the refugees, whose numbers werein the hundred thousands, migrated from Bulgaria toIstanbul and Anatolia. The problem of the wounded,the outbreak of cholera and the refugees who were leftout in the open during the cold winter started a chainof disasters. There were so many wounded and sick inIstanbul that, including barracks and police stations,many government buildings were turned into hospitals,and mosques were given to the refugees.The Military Medical Corps and the Ottoman RedCrescent Foundation worked very hard during theBalkan War and the Red Cross from Germany,America, Belgium, France, Holland, England,Sweden, Romania and Russia together with the RedCrescent that had been formed in Romania, England,Egypt and India came to help out (5). All the medicalteams that had been sent by the different countries’Red Cross and Red Crescent were joined by theOttoman Red Crescent and, according to the MilitaryMedical Corps, they were placed in the area wherethey were most needed.The medical teams that had tents and necessarymedical supplies built mobile hospitals near the warzones. The teams that did not have tents and medicalsupplies were placed in hospitals in Istanbul. Theteams were managed by either the Military Medical12 JISHIM 2003, 2