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MAJNOON LILAH. A. Hajar AL BINALIciated with somatic symptoms. The clinical characteristicsare feelings of tension and nervous discomfortassociated with cardiac symptoms as follows:awareness of changes in the heartbeats, whichbecome more rapid and forceful; sharp and stickingchest pain that lasts for a few seconds only, unrelatedto exertion, not relieved by cessation of activity andmay come on while the patient is in bed, resting.Even the respiration symptoms are dominated withdiscomfort, a sense of not being able to get enoughair into the lungs, a feeling of fullness in the chest,and inadequate respiration. The patient often breathesmore rapidly and more deeply and may feel compelledto run out of doors to get more air.Hyperventilation may cause respiratory alkalosis.The CNS symptoms are as follows: dizziness isdescribed as awareness of irregular blurring andswimming motion of the surroundings. There is usuallya sense of light-headedness and faintness (2).A modern psychiatrist, Richard B. Rosse, whoseemed to have studied the phenomenon of love problem,calls it “Love Trauma Syndrome.” He wrote:“Love Trauma Syndrome is a form of traumaticgrief that does not have to involve the death of adesired and loved person. Like its diagnostic cousinsPost-traumatic Stress Disorder and traumatic grief,many patients with “Love Trauma Syndrome” present“on the surface” with more conventional diagnosessuch as depression, anxiety and substance usedisorder. It can be a serious condition with considerablepsychosocial impairments. Sometimes, LoveTrauma Syndrome is associated with suicidal orhomicidal ideation. It can also be associated withconsiderable dissociation and symptoms of hyperarousal(e.g., insomnia). Love Trauma Syndrome canbe associated with anger, irritability, and revengefantasies” (3).The same author has written a book titled, LoveTrauma Syndrome (4). He wrote:“Love is one of the most exhilarating emotions weexperience, unfortunately, it is also one of the mostpainful and sometimes traumatic. The unresolvedemotional scars from a broken heart can manifest asa “love trauma syndrome”. At times, the syndromecan seriously diminish the sufferer’s quality of life,JISHIM 2003, 2and dramatically impair social, academic, and occupationalactivities. Patients may end up committingsuicide. A few become so obsessed by their lost lovesthat they are driven to stalk, attack... and ultimatelycommit suicide. Most patients however, suffer aloneand in silence without ever resorting to an act ofphysical violence.Love Trauma Syndrome is a clinical disorder of“too much memory” in which the past intrudes uponthe present to influence thoughts, feelings, andbehaviors to a much greater extent than is expected.It can also be associated with a variety of otherbehavioral problems: the avoidance of future lovingrelationships, nervousness, feeling “unreal” or out ofplace, anger, and sleep disturbances” (4).Galen’s theory that the loved one “preoccupied” aplace in the brain of the lover seems to be substantiatednowadays with fast MRI. The activity in thebrains of 17 subjects who were deeply in love wasscanned using fMRI, while they viewed pictures oftheir partners, and compared with the activity producedby viewing pictures of three friends of similarage, sex and duration of friendship as their partners.The activity was restricted to foci in the medial insulaand the anterior cingulate cortex and, subcortically,in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, all bilaterally.Deactivations were observed in the posteriorcingulate gyrus and in the amygdala and were rightlateralizedin the prefrontal, parietal and middle temporalcortices. The combination of these sites differsfrom those in previous studies of emotion, suggestingthat a unique network of areas is responsible forevoking this affective state. This leads us to postulatethat the principle of functional specialization in thecortex applies to affective states as well (5).The cardiology literature (6) states that psychosocialfactors contribute significantly to the pathogenesisand expression of coronary artery disease (CAD).This evidence is composed largely of data relatingCAD risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1)depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors andcharacter traits, (4) social isolation, and (5) chroniclife stress. Psychosocial stress can lead, probably viaa mechanism involving excessive sympathetic nervoussystem activation, to exacerbation of coronaryartery atherosclerosis as well as to transient endothe-7
H. A. Hajar AL BINALI MAJNOON LILAlial dysfunction and even necrosis. Acute stress triggersmyocardial ischemia, promotes arrhythmogenesis,stimulates platelet function, and increases bloodviscosity through hemoconcentration. Acute stressalso causes coronary vasoconstriction.Hyperresponsivity of the sympathetic nervous system,manifested by exaggerated heart rate and bloodpressure responses to psychological stimuli, is anintrinsic characteristic among some individuals (6)Recently, chemical transmitters have been foundto be associated with romantic love. Platelet serotonin5-HT transporter in the early romantic phase ofa love relationship was found to be significantlylower than in the normal controls (7).Endocrinological investigations of the neurobiologyof attraction have found involvement of severalchemical processes. Several observations have highlightedthe role of monoamines and of neuropeptides,in particular oxytocin, vasopressin and opioids; butthis is only the beginning of the story. Love, the mosttypical human feeling, can be viewed as a dynamicprocess that represents the result of different componentsprobably sub-served by distinct neural substratesat different times. As such, some steps can beidentified, in particular its beginning, which is theprocess of attraction, followed by the attachmentprocess that, in some cases, can last forever (8).Love and digoxinFinally, the most fascinating finding of this year isthe involvement of digoxin in love and affection (9).The researchers found that the hypothalamus producesdigoxin. You fall in love because your hypothalamusproduces less digoxin. The human hypothalamusproduces an endogenous membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, digoxin, which can regulateneuronal transmission. The digoxin status and neurotransmitterpatterns were studied in individuals witha predilection to fall in love. It was also studied inindividuals with differing hemispheric dominance tofind out the role of cerebral dominance in thisrespect. In individuals with a predilection to fall inlove, there was decreased digoxin synthesis,increased membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity,decreased tryptophan catabolites (serotonin, quinolinicacid, and nicotine), and increased tyrosinecatabolites (dopamine, noradrenaline, and morphine).This pattern correlated with that obtained in lefthemispheric chemical dominance. Hemispheric dominanceand hypothalamic digoxin could regulate thepredisposition to fall in love (9).I wonder how much love and affections of ourpatients with heart failure we ruined with digoxin! Ialso wonder if the passionate love or love sicknessthat afflicted Majnoon Lila could have been curedwith our once miraculous drug digoxin. In the historyof medicine, we have seen wonder drugs becomepopular, fade, and then “rediscovered” as wonderdrugs years later. Aspirin was such a drug. Whoknows, the historical drug, digoxin, might evolveagain to the wonder drug it once was.REFERENCES1.Ibn Sabia’: Oyoon Al Anba’ fi tabaqat al atiba’.(Arabictext)2.Freedman AM.Modern synopsis of comprehesive textbookof psychiatry. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1976: 610.3.Rosse, R: An Argument for Love Trauma Syndrome: AnImportant and Often Underrecognized Form of TraumaticGrief. [Online]. Perspectives. [2000, February 1].4.Rosse RB: The love trauma syndrome.Perseus Publishing,2001.5.Bartels A, Zeki S: The neural basis of romantic love:Neuroreport. 2000;11 (17):3829-34.6.Rozanski A, Blumental JA, Kaplan J: Impact of psychologicalfactors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseaseand implications for Therapy Circulation. 1999; 99:2192 -217.7.Marazziti D, Akiskal HS, Rossi A, Cassano GB: Alterationof the platelet serotonin transporter in romantic love.Psychol Med. 1999; 29(3):741-5.8.Marazziti D, Cassano GB: The neurobiology of attraction.Endocrinol Invest. 2003; 26 (3 Suppl):58-60.9.Kurup RK, Kurup PA: Hypothalamic digoxin, hemisphericdominance, and neurobiology of love and affection. Inter. J.Neuroscience. 2003;11:721-9.8 JISHIM 2003, 2
Page 2 and 3: JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONALSOCIETY
Page 4 and 5: JOURNAL OF ISHIMINSTRUCTIONS T O AU
Page 6 and 7: EDITORIALThis issue of ISHIM journa
Page 8 and 9: MAJNOON LILAH. A. Hajar AL BINALIan
Page 11: H. A. Hajar AL BINALI MAJNOON LILAp
Page 15 and 16: Sharif Kaf AL-GHAZALAl Razi was a H
Page 17 and 18: The Indian Muslims Red Crescent Soc
Page 19 and 20: Zuhal OZAYDINTHE INDIAN MUSLIMS RED
Page 25 and 26: Husain F. NAGAMIAISLAMIC MEDICINE H
Page 37 and 38: Nuket ORNEK BUKENinsistence no furt
Page 39 and 40: Nuket ORNEK BUKENvery early stages
Page 41 and 42: Nuket ORNEK BUKENConclusionTelling
Page 43 and 44: Abdul Nasser KAADANCHILD HEALTH AS
Page 45 and 46: Abdul Nasser KAADANCHILD HEALTH AS
Page 47 and 48: Development Of The Foundations Of Q
Page 49 and 50: Prof. Dr. Aysegül Demirhan ERDEMIR
Page 51 and 52: Ibrahim B. SYEDSPIRITUAL MEDICINE I
Page 53 and 54: Ibrahim B. SYEDSPIRITUAL MEDICINE I
Page 55 and 56: Turkish Anatomy Education From The
Page 57 and 58: Enis ULUCAM - Nilufer GOKCE -Recep
Page 59 and 60: Rosanna GORINIphers and scholars sp
Page 61 and 62: Muslim Scholar Contribution in Rest
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The Application Of Ayurvedic Therap
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Aysegul Demirhan ERDEMIRTHE APPLICA
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First Balkan Congress of History of
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