ENVIRONMENT in the City of BELGRADE

CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADESECRETARITFOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONБЕОГРАДЧИСТ НАЧИСТО !NSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTHof BELGRADE

CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADESECRETARIAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONENVIRONMENTin the City of BELGRADEINSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTHof BELGRADEREGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER

ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITY OF BELGRADEAuthors:1. Dr (Mrs) Snežana Matić-Besarabić, MD (IPH)2. Mrs Milica Gojković, B.Sc. (Eng)3. Mrs Vojislava Dudić, B.Sc. (Eng)(Institute of Public Health Republic of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“)4. Mr (Mrs) Gordana Pantelić, M. Sc Physics(Institute for Occupational medicine and radiological protection „Dr Dragomir Karajović“)5. Dr Miroslav Tanasković MD (IPH)6. Dr Marina Mandić-Miladinović MD (IPH)7. Dr Dragan Pajić MD (IPH)8. Boško Majstorović, B.Sc. (Eng) IPH9. Dr Milan Milutinović MD (IPH)10. Mirjana Gucić B.A. (Law),Secretariat for Environmental ProtectionEditorial boardMrs Marija Grubačević, B.Sc.(Eng),Secretariat for Environmental ProtectionDr (Mrs) Snežana Matić- Besarabić, MD,Institute of Public HealthPublishersSecretariat for Environmental Protection, BelgradeInstitute of Public Health of BelgradeThe Regional Environmental Center, CO SerbiaFor publishersMr Branislav Božović, B.Sc (Eng), Secretariat for Environmental ProtectionMr Slobodan Tošović, M.Sc. MD, Institute of Public Health of BelgradeMr Milan Dacić, M.Sc. (Met), The Regional Environmental Center, CO SerbiaTranslaterMrs Vesna Dražilović-Dadić, B.A. (ling)Design and prepressStudio Čavka (Nebojša Čović)Cover Page DesignDragan Djordjević and Tijana KneževićPrinted byStandard 2, BelgradeISBN 978-86-7550-052-0

C O N T E N T SA word from Secretary from The Secretariat for Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4¤ Belgrade in Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5¤ Important Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6¤ Facts about Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7¤ City Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8¤ City Public Companies and Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9¤ Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10¤ Culture and Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10¤ The Devlopment of Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11¤ Addresses & IMPRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11¤ Activities of the Secretariat For Environmental Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12¤ Programs of the control of the quality of the Environment in Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14¤ Permanent Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14¤ MID – Term Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15¤ Research Studies, Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16¤ Environmental impact assessment of Plans and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17¤ Other activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17¤ Monitoring Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18¤ Air quality Control – Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18¤ Criteria for the selection of air pollutants to be monitored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19¤ Ambient air quality 2002-2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20¤ Air pollution by the substances originating from traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22¤ Radioactivity in the air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23¤ Quality of drinking water from the Belgrade waterworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23¤ Quality of drinking water from public Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25¤ Quality of surface water in the Belgrade Teritory between 2001-2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26¤ Examination Results.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27¤ The river Sava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27¤ The river Danube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27¤ The Soil – Examination of soil pollution in the Terithory of Belgrade in 2006 . . . . . . . . . . 30¤ Communal noise in Belgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32¤ Environment and Health Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33¤ Public Utilities of Belgrade in the protection of the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34¤ About Institutions which participated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN BELGRADEA Word from the Secretariat for Environmental ProtectionIn the beginning is always theword. This time the word isquality.In its full sense this word maybe too strong for the state ofaffairs that we currently havebut it certainly is not for theobjectives that we aspire after.Our attempts at improving environmentalquality in our cityas fast possible are reflected inthe publciation which is beforeyou.Reports like these constitutea true cross-section in space(that of Belgrade) and time(annualy ) of the state of theenvironment around us.The parameters of the qualityof environmental factorsnamely, air, water, soil, radioactivityand noise, covered bythe monitoring programme,have been presented asrecorded at the time of measurement.This publicationconsolidates the data foreasier analysis. Evidently, theydemonstrate that their qualityis changeable.The efforts that we have beenexerting with a view to qualityimprovement are shownby the programme activitiesundertaken.Through its extensive regulation,reconstruction andconstruction programmes,primarily in the municipal,traffic and other infrastructure,the City Administration isconstantly upgrading not onlythe quality of facilities and theprocess of the functioning ofthe city, but equally and justas importantly, the quality ofenvironmental parameters inBelgrade.What does the Secretariat forEnvironmental Protection inBelgrade have to its credit?Definitely a series of projectswhich meet the contemporarystandards of organised countriesand of EU directives. Forinstance, the project „GreenLegislation“, which has receivedundivided recognitionfor the regulation of green areasin Belgrade. The executedprojects of protection of VelikoRatno Ostrvo (Island) andshortly also of Mt. Kosmaj andMt. Avala (in 2005) are only theresult of patient work in previousyears.Projects for the removal ofradioactive lightning rodsand addressing the problemof medicinal waste have alsobeen going on for a number ofyears.Numerous direct activitieshave also been undertaken toraise environmental awareness,promote recycling, orbetter to put it the sortingand collecting of useful waste,clean-up campaigns, afforestationcampaigns, environmentalpanels, etc. Accordingly,observed from our standpoint,cooperation with non-governmentalorganisations isvery good. We are particularlyglad to have been invited toparticipate in numerousenvironmental campaignsand equally happy with themassive response at our own.Needless to say, we feel ill atease because we are unableto financially support all theactivities of non-governmentalorganisations.The most important thing in2004 happened at its very end.A package of environmentalprotection laws was finallyadopted.Consequently and logically,the bulk of preparations forchanges aimed at conclusivelyregulating environmentalprotection acts at all planningand project levels fell to thepurviews of all local administrationsand environmentalprotection services in ourrepublic.From the professional standpoint, this Secretariat preparedappropriate procedures tomeet the obligations stemmingfrom the new laws, practicallyin its stride. Assistanceto that end was also extendedto our colleagues from numerousmunicipalities in the areaand farther afield.Regrettably, the enormousworkload placed on the Secretariathas not been paralleledby an adequtae number ofnew expert staff recruitmentsand a better organisation ofthe sector. But that is alreadysomething for the comingyears.SecretaryMr Branislav Božović

Facts about BELGRADEStatus: Capital of the Republic of Serbia, having city status as aseparate teritorrial unit, and with its own local governmentbodiesAdministrative divisions: 17 city municipalities, each havingtheir own local governmentGeographic position:¤ Southern Europe, on the Balkan peninsula, West Balkan¤ At the confluence of the rivers Sava and Danube, betweenthe Panonian Plain to the north and the mountainous centralregion of Serbia known as Sumadija to the south; alsothe location of Mt. Avala (511 m) and Mt. Kosmaj (628 m)Map coordinates:¤ Latitude north: 44⁰49’14’’¤ Longitude east: 20 27’44’’Average height above sea level: 116.75 mArea: 3,222.68 sq. kmClimate:¤ mean annual air temperature: 11.7 ⁰C¤ moderate continental¤ mean annual rainfall: 669.5 litres/m 2¤ mean atmospheric pressure: 1,001 millibars¤ mean relative humidity: 69.5%Population: 1,732,400 (2005 figure)Religion: Orthodox Christian 90.68%, Islam 1.29%, Catholic1.03%, Protestant 0.24%, Jewish 0.03%, atheist 3%, unknown2.02% (2002 census)The City of Belgrade: www.beograd.org.yu

City ADMINISTRATIONThe City Administration performs an administrative role withinthe framework of the powers and responsibilities delegated tothe City, as well as certain professional functions required bythe City Assembly, the Mayor and the City Council.Departments:¤ Finance Department¤ Town Planning and BuildingProjects Department¤ Public Works and HousingDepartment¤ Property Rights and BuildingInspection Department¤ Traffic Department¤ Environmental ProtectionDepartment¤ Commerce DepartmentProfessional services:¤ Assembly Business andRegulations Service¤ Information Service¤ General Affairs Service¤ Service for Communicationsand Citizen Relations¤ Public Procurement Service¤ City Assembly Chairman’sOffice¤ Mayor’s OfficeSpecial Organizations:¤ Institute for IT and Statistics¤ Belgrade City CommercialPremises Agency¤ Budget Audit Office¤ Agency for Cooperationwith Non-governmentalOrganizations and EuropeanHarmonization¤ Culture Department¤ Education Department¤ Sport and Youth Department¤ Health Department¤ Social and Children’s WelfareDepartmentMayor Mr. Nenad Bogdanović¤ Inspections Department¤ Administration Department

City public COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONSThe City of Belgrade has founded the following: 10 public service companies, seven public companies,one organization, 34 cultural institutions (theatres, cultural centres, museums, libraries andother organizations), 27 health institutions (local health centres, pharmacies, institutes and medicalcentres), 17 child welfare institutions (pre-school centres), three social welfare institutions andthree physical culture institutions (sports centres).Public service companies:¤ Belgrade City Transport Company(www.gsp.co.yu)¤ Belgrade Roads public service company(www.beogradput.org.yu)¤ Belgrade Waterworks and Sewage public servicecompany (www.bvk.co.yu)¤ Belgrade Power Stations public service company(www.beoelektrane.co.yu)¤ City Markets public service company(www.bgpijace.co.yu)¤ City Hygiene public service company¤ Infostan public service company(www.infostan.co.yu)¤ Belgrade Parks public service company(www.zelenilo.co.yu)¤ Parking Service public service company(www.parking-servis.co.yu)¤ Funeral Services public service company(www.beogradskagroblja.co.yu)Companies and organizations:¤ Belgrade City Construction Land and BuildingDirectorate (www.beoland.com)¤ Belgrade Town Planning Office(www.urbel.com)¤ City Housing (www.stambeno.com)¤ Sava Centre (www.savacentar.com)¤ Ada Ciganlija (www.adaciganlija.co.yu)¤ Belgrade Fortress(www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.yu)¤ Studio B Public Radio Broadcasting Company(www.studio-b.co.yu)¤ Belgrade Tourist Organization(www.tob.co.yu)

EnvironmentCulture and ARTBelgrade ranks as one of the greenest capitalsin Europe with large natural oases both on theedges of the town and near to the city centreitself. Dozens of rare bird species live in thewoods on the outskirts of Belgrade. There are182 trees in Belgrade which are protected bylaw. The greenery of Belgrade extends to morethan 40 sq. kilometres.The banks of the Belgrade rivers are 200 kilometresin length. There are 16 river islands on theBelgrade waterways of which the best-knownare Ada Ciganlija, Veliko ratno ostrvo and Grocanskaada. The length of the Danube in Belgradeis 60 kilometres, and the Sava about 30.Belgrade is the cultural and artistic centre ofSerbia. The most important native artists workin the city and each year more than 9,000 theatricalperformances, art exhibitions, concerts,performances and other artistic events are held.Numerous eminent artists from the world of artcome to Belgrade from all parts of the globe. Itis the home of the top state and national culturaland art institutions such as:¤ the National Theatre(www.narodnopozoriste.co.yu),¤ the National Museum(www.narodnimuzej.org.yu),¤ the Serbian National Library(www.nbs.bg.ac.yu).10Belgrade also houses the most important worksof architecture, among them the BelgradeFortress, various cultural monuments and othercultural treasures and numerous archeologicalsites whose remains bear witness to thewell-developed civilization and culture that hasflourished in the soil of Belgrade from prehistorictimes right up to today.Foto: N. Čović

The Development of BELGRADEAddresses & IMPRINTOn 16th March 2006 Belgrade was pronouncedSouthern European City of the Future. The EuropeanCities and Regions of the Future competitionis organised by the Financial Times. Thecategories and criteria guiding the jury were:economic potential, business costs, human resources,transport, information technology andtelecommunications, quality of life for foreigninvestors, and the best promotional strategy forattracting direct foreign investments. For thesereasons foreign investors see Belgrade as anincreasingly attractive place to do business.BELGRADE CITY ASSEMBLYDragoslava Jovanovica 2,tel. ++381 (0)11 3244-415, 3229-975MAYORDragoslava Jovanovica 2,tel. ++381 (0)11 3246-764, 3229-787CITY ADMINISTRATIONTrg Nikole Pašića 6,switchboard 3229-67827. marta 43-45,switchboard 3227-241Tiršova 1,switchboard 2688-655Golsvordijeva 35,switchboard 3083-800Masarikova 5,switchboard 3614-500Makenzijeva 31,switchboard 2453-14211

ACTIVITIES of THE SECRETARIAT for ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION12Committee for Urban Planningand Protection of theEnvironment was establishedin Belgrade in 1974. It was thedepartment of the City Management.On April 1, 1990, theDepartment for the Environmentwas separated from theCommittee and became anindependent body within thecity managerial structure. Itwas formed under the nameof Secretariat for the EnvironmentalProtection.The Secretariat has its assignmentsdefined by relevantregulations. Beside them, ithas been dealing with a partof assignments belonging tothe duties and obligations ofSerbia as republic. These havebeen performed according tothe relevant by- laws adoptedby the City Municipality andthe Mayor. The Secretariatassignments are performedwithin two sectors: Sector forMonitoring of the Quality ofthe Environment and Sectorfor the Protection of theNature and Definition of theConditions for the Protectionof the Environment.Secretariat for the Environmentparticipates in realizationof the adopted policy ofprotection and promotion ofthe environment in the Republicof Serbia. Its rights andduties are to monitor the situationin this area in the city ofBelgrade, undertake measuresand manage the activitiesrelated to protection of naturalresources that are importantto the quality of the environmentand population health.Secretariat for the Environmentperforms the assignmentsrelated to the protectionand promotion of theenvironment, through definitionand realization of actionand restoration plans andprograms (environment- directedprotective measures);ecological education; air, soil,and water quality controland protection of this quality;protection of the floraand fauna and control of theirpopulations; protection fromexcessive noise and vibrations;protection from ionizing andnon- ionizing radiation andfrom hazardous and harmfulsubstances. It defines the criteriaof environmental protectionthat have to be taken intoaccount in urban planning andconstruction of facilities andplants. The Secretariat issuesworking permits for of plantsand their performance; definesmeasures for the protection ofOrganizational Chart - Secreteriat for Environmental ProtectionSecretariatSector for monitoring of thequality of the EnvironmentSector for Protection of theNature and EnvironmentDepartment for monitoring,protection from accidentsand preventive protectionDepartmentfor law and EconomicsDepartment for theprotection of environmentalimpact assessmentSection for comunalzoohygiene andcontrol of pestsSection for environmentalimpact assessment ofplans and objects

nature and natural goods, theirutilization and development; itestablishes special fee for theprotection and promotion ofthe environment and performsother assignments in this area.The Secretariat performs itsduties based on the relevantlegislation, Statute and otherby-laws.The Secretariat performs assignmentsof the government,related to the environmentalprotection and promotion,entrusted upon the city ofBelgrade by the Republic.SecretariatBranislav BožovićSecretary, B. Sc. (Engineering)Dr Elizabet PaunovićDeputy Secretary, M. D.Sector for monitoring of thequality of the environmentMarija GrubačevićAssistant Secretary, B. Sc.(Engineering)Mirjana SretkovićTechnical SecretaryMirjana GucićAssistant Secretary, B.A. (Law)Department formonitoring, protectionfrom accidents andpreventive protectionDepartment forlaw and economicsDepartment forthe protection ofenvironmental impactassessmentTanjaSrnic-StanimirovicSection Head, B. Sc.(Chemistry)Milena BujasSection Head, B, A.(Law)Valentina SterđevićSection Head, B. Sc.(Spatial Planning)13Zorica Popović,associateSection forcomunalzoohygiene andcontrol of pestsRadomir MijicAssociate, B. Sc.(Engineering)Ivana JevtićAssociate, B. A.(Economics)Sanja ŠtrbacAssociate, B. A.(Law)Sanja KrstićAssociate, B. Sc.(Spatial Planning)Section forenvironmental impactassessment of plansand objectsSlavica TošićSection Head, B. Sc.(Engineering)Milutin KomanovićAssociate, B. Sc.(Engineering)Vesna VišnjevacAssociateBiljana GlamočićAssociate, B. Sc.(Engineering)Andrea Zelić-Radojičić,Associate, B. Sc.(Physics)Magdalena ObradovićAssociate

I PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF QUALITYOF THE ENVIRONMENT IN BELGRADEThese Programs have been adopted each year, with the exception of Air Quality Program (adoptedfor the two- year period). All programs have to be adopted by the City Assembly.SYSTEMATIC CONTROL OFQUALITY OF THE ENVIRON-MENT has been performed ona regular basis, through examination,monitoring and controlof the following:¤ Air quality¤ Quality control of drinkingwater¤ Quality of river waters¤ Quality of spring water/ publicfountains¤ Level of communal noise¤ Quality control of agriculturalland¤ Level of radioactivityAll programs have been carriedout by authorized and accreditedinstitutions, Instituteof Public Health of Belgrade,Serbian Institute of PublicHealth “Dr Milan Jovanovic-Batut” and Clinical Center ofSerbia, Institute for OccupationalMedicine and Radiology“Dr Dragomir Karajovic”.Each month, since 1988, allresults have been published inEcological Bulletin and on theSecretariat web page:www.eko.bg.gov.yuOn the occasion of June 5- The World Environment Day,the Secretariat issues a specialannual publication dealingwith the quality of environmentin Belgrade.II PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS14PERMANENT PROGRAMSEradication and control of pestpopulationsThe program deals with eradicationand control of mosquitoes,ticks and rodents in theteritorry of 10 municipalitiesof the city. It has been realizedas a preventive health- relatedprogram, targeted at protectionof public health.¤ Realization of the Programfor the control of mosquitopopulations encompassesuse of chemical and biologicalsubstances in order tocontrol mosquito larvae andadult forms as well as domesticforms of these pests.The treatment is performedfrom the air or using devicesfrom the ground, on the surfacesthat are continuouslymonitored for the presenceand abundance of mosquitoes.¤ Control of tick populationsand their treatment in thearea of Belgrade has beenperformed on the area ofapproximately 7, 500 hectares,where previous investigationshave revealed thepresence of tick infestation(Lipovica forest, Sports Center“Jajinci”, Miljakovac Forest,Banjica, Hajd park, Topcider,Kosutnjak, Pioneers’ City,Films City, Nova SkojevskaSettlement, The park inbanovo Brdo, the Bele Vodepark, Ada Ciganlija, Sumice,The Zvezdzra Forest, TasmajdanPark, Kalemegdan, NoviBeograd- Usce with littoralarea and surrounding parks,the Bojcinska Forest andStepin gaj).¤ In one drive, the Programof Rodent Control encompassessystematic treatmentof approximately 500, 000apartments; 220 unsafe settlementswith no sanitation;approximately 160 hectaresof partially used or completelyunused green areas;and approximately 100 kilometersof littoral land (riversand streams of Ada Ciganlijaand Ada Huja). There are twodrives a year- the spring andautumn ones.Program for the Protection ofNatural GoodsThere are approximately 45registered natural goods inthe area of Belgrade. They are

of special value and features.The City Government providesrealization of long- term plansof management and annualprograms of protection anddevelopment of the goodsunder protection.Between 1993 and 2007, thecity of Belgrade issued numerousdecrees about protectionof natural goods, covering19 natural monuments ofbotanical and biologic value(The Banjica Forest- 18 individualtrees) and two areas ofextraordinary characteristicsin the Belgrade area (Velikoratno ostrvo and the Kosmajmountain).During 2006, the followingnatural goods have beenplaced under protection: theGingko tree in Vracar Municipality;the cypress three inDedinje; yew tree in PozeskaStreet and three trees of Englishoak in Bare. The chosenplants have rare botanicalvalue, are representative intheir dendrometric featuresand promote the characteristicsof certain areas of the city.15MID-TERM PROGRAMS AND PROJECTSREMOVAL OF RADIOACTIVELIGHTNING RODSEver since 2002, there hasbeen a program of stagedreplacing of radioactivelightning rods from residentialbuildings, pre- school facilitiesand schools. The first and secondstages have been ended,with the third one under way.More than 180 lightning rodshave been replaced and 80more have currently beenunder replacement.“GREEN REGULATORY RULES OFBELGRADE”It started in 2003 as one of thefirst within the Belgrade MasterPlan by 2012. Its function isto help make an overview andcompletely resolve implementationof the above documentfrom the standpoint of theenvironment.The “Green Regulatory Rulesof Belgrade” have four stages.The first stage relates to thecreation of a Decision Proposalconcerning Protection andPromotion of green Areas ofthe City. The second stagerelates to the preparation ofContents and Programs for theDefinition of GIS- green areasof Belgrade and Preparationof the Contents and Definingthe Actions for the BelgradeBiotope Mapping.¤ THE THIRD STAGE OF THEPROJECT “Green RegulatoryRules of Belgrade” continuedin 2006, under the title “Planof General Regulation ofGreen Areas of the City”. The

mentioned “Mapping andValidation of the City Biotopes”will have been donewithin this Project.“INTEGRATED VALORIZATION OFFOREST RESOURCESOF BELGRADE”The aim of this project is toimplement strategies andmeasures to protect the environment,natural resources,forestry, watercourses and thesystem of green areas thathave been defined in strategicdocuments of the city ofBelgrade.The Project will have beendone in three stages, encompassingthe forests of administrativearea of the city. It aimsto give greater significance tothe forests within the systemof environmental protectionand multi- functional utilization.It is expected that the Projectwill have resulted in expansionof areas under forests, especiallyin the function of reforestationof degraded areasand prevention of erosion. Weexpect it to contribute to thedevelopment of urban forestryand promotion of the socialsignificance of forests, theirpreservation in representativeareas. It will certainly have resultedin the provision of sustainableutilization of biologicresources and bio- diversity.“BELGRADE- HEALTHY CITY”“Belgrade- Healthy City” hasbeen realized in cooperationwith representatives from theSecretariat for the Environment,Secretariat for Healthand the WHO RepresentativeOffice in Belgrade. “HealthyCities” from Copenhagen haveparticipated in the creation ofInitial Documents on HealthyCities.III RESEARCH STUDIES, PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS16The Secretariat has acceptedto fund research programsand projects that contribute toimprovements in the environment.Such scientific worksare:¤ Remediation study for thesource of the Makis andSurcinsko Polje;¤ Regulation and protectionof the natural reserve “Velikoratno ostrvo” (de- silting ofthe canal, stocking the riverwith fish species, revitalizationof the eco- system, etc.);¤ Project “Toxic elements andpesticides in agriculturalland and plant products inthe Belgrade area”¤ Project “Defining the populationsand categorization ofstray dogs in the greater andproper Belgrade”¤ Project “Research of themethods to be used tocontrol Ambrosia artemisiifoliaragweed; effects ofherbicides and monitoring ofconsequences of the measuresundertaken in the areaof Belgrade”¤ Study “Spatial bases for theprotection of areas withpreserved cultural and historicalheritage in the area ofBelgrade”, in accordance withthe Convention on EuropeanHeritage¤ “ A Map of Radiation in Belgrade:“- identification andsystematization of ionizingsources in the area of Belgrade¤ “Inventory of electro- magneticpolluters in the areaof Belgrade”- identification,measuring and assessmentof electro- magnetic burden;¤ “Revising and updating the“Hazard Map of Belgrade”-identification and assessmentof chemical accidentshazards in stationary andmobile sources, serving as abasis for the definition of AccidentsProtection Plan.¤ Program “Medical wastemanagement”- in publichealth care facilities of Belgrade.¤ Programs and projects of definingand control of populationsof abandoned animalsin order to ensure theirprotection and well- being.

IV ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PLANS AND PROJECTSIn December 2004, we adoptedfour new laws related tothe environmental protection:Law on the Environment, Lawon Strategic EnvironmentalImpact Assessment, Law onEnvironmental Impact Assessmentand Law on IntegratedPrevention and Control ofEnvironmental Pollution.In the above period, environmentalimpact assessment ofplans and projects was realizedthrough issuance of thefollowing documents:¤ 231 normative deeds definingthe measures andconditions of environmentalprotection- an indispensablepart of spatial plans andprojects;¤ 57 opinions concerning proposalsand decisions relatedto the initiation of strategicenvironmental impact assessment(or the absence ofneed to initiate such assessment);¤ 4 agreements related to theReports on strategic EIA of acertain plan;We have also had 227 administrativeprocedures related toEIA.V OTHER ACTIVITIESWithin cooperation among administrativebodies and othersecretariats and professionals,institutes and schools of theBelgrade University, we havegiven support to the realizationof a series of projects andprograms that are supposed toimprove the quality of environmentin the city. We have alsotaken an active part in some ofthese.PUBLISHING, PROMOTION ANDPRESENTATIONSSecretariat for the Environmentparticipated, independentlyor with otherinstitutions, in the creation,publishing, printing and promotionof a large number ofscientific, professional, educationaland information projects,publications, magazines,monographs and editions.SUPPORT TO PROFESSIONALMEETINGSRepresentatives of the Secretariathave participated inorganization, preparation andwork of a series of meetings,conferences, congresses, publicdebates, and workshops.They have participated inmany study trips, in Serbia andin foreign countries.17

MONITORING PROGRAMSAir Quality Control - ObjectivesSystematic, program- basedmeasuring of air pollution onthe teritorry of Belgrade, withthe following objectives:¤ monitoring of the degree ofair pollution in relation toimission limit values (ILVs);¤ undertaking preventivemeasures in the segmentswhich are important for theprotection of air quality frompollution;¤ informing the public and definingrecommendations forindividual behavior in casesof episodes of increased airpollution;¤ monitoring of concentrationtrends, by city zones;¤ assessment of populationexposure;¤ identification of the sourcesof pollution or risk;¤ evaluation of long- termtrends; and¤ analysis of the measuresundertaken to prevent airpollution.Legal basisThe legal basis for adoptionof the Program of Air QualityControl in the area of Belgrade,Serbia has been contained inthe Law on Environmental Protection.Therefore, the authoritiesof Belgrade are obliged bylaw, within their competence,to provide continuous controland monitoring of the environment.A systematic measuringof imissions includedin the Program, have beenperformed through monitoringnetworks set up in severallevels.18

CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF AIR POLLUTANTS TO BE MONITOREDMain pollutants in ambient air, of interest in an urban setting, in the present air quality monitoringnetwork of Belgrade have been presented in Table 1. The group of substances, widespread in ambientair, has been selected because of their impact on human health. Additional increased attentionhas been paid to air toxics such as PAHs, acid aerosols and BTEX.19Table 1. Belgrade: Main pollutants in ambient air that have been monitoredAmbient airGas componentsSolid phases in the airSO 2, NO X, NO 2– 24-hour averagesO3 – 24-hour, 1 and 8-hour averagesCO – 30 minute, 1 hour, BTEX 1-hour and 24-hour averagesPAH – 3,4 benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) – averages per monthSoot, total deposited matter – 24-hour averagesSPM (mass conc.) mass concentration, 24-hour averagesPb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni, Hg, Cr – averages per monthMethodologies of Air MonitoringThe local urban air quality network consists of 17 stationary measurement sites. These sites coverthe teritorry according to the above mentioned objectives. During the year 2002, the existing airmonitoring network was upgraded with three automatic analyzers (Horiba AP-360, series APNA-NOX, APSA-SO2, APMA-CO, APHA-total hydrocarbons). In order to fulfill the ISO 17025 requirements,we have also obtained measurement devices for sampling SPM 2.5 and 10, PM10 (EN12341), PM 2.5 and BTEX Analyser – type airmo BTX 1000.

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, 2002- 20061. Annual Mean SO 2, black smoke and NO 2concentrations µg/m 3 in BelgradeYear 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006SO 213 30 16 24 24Black smoke 30 32 29 33 34Nitrogen dioxide** 30 32 29 31 31** Systematic measuring started in 19962. Average Number of Days with Excessive ILVs, per location in BelgradeYear 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006SO 21.3 2.8 2.4 5 3Black smoke 44 41 31 40 43Nitrogen dioxide 8 9 9 3 63. Maximum annual concentrations registered in Belgrade20Maximumconcentration*Year2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Black smoke 259 417 408 394 286SO 2187 304 358 450 252NO 2258 192 491 189 137* Expressed in µg/m 3

10090807060504030201001 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 18 19 22 23 24YearWinterSummerChart 1.Mean Annualand Seasonalvalues of SO 2(µg/m 3 ) inBelgrade, 200660504030Chart 2.Mean Annualand SeasonalValues of BlackSmoke (µg/m 3 )in Belgrade,20062010YearWinter2101 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Summer70605040Chart 3.Mean Annualand SeasonalValues of NO 2(µg/m 3 ) inBelgrade, 20063020Year10Winter01 3 5 6 8 10 11 12 21 22Summer

AIR POLLUTION PRODUCED BY THE SUBSTANCES ORIGINATINGFROM TRAFFICWe have performed samplingand measuring at 12 samplingpoints.Examination of the pollutantsat intersections in Belgradehas been done at 12 representativespots, from January 1 toDecember 31, 2006.Measuring of all parametershas been performed twice amonth, at eight intersections.At four intersections it ahsbeen performed four times amonth.The results show that thetrend of pollution has beenincreasing.Most endangered zones of thecity are the central one andtransition route, where wehave seen elevations of concentrationsof all pollutants.This is explained by the trafficstructure and types of vehiclesusing these routes.There are two types of intersections:¤ these with 90- 92% of passengervehicles (the locationsof London, NusicevaStreet and Railway Station)¤ These with approximately70% of passenger vehicles(Cvijiceva Street, RailwayStation).Let us stress that differencesin concentrations of the pollutantshave not been significant.The narrow city core hasdirectly been jeopardized bythe intersections. The data alsostress the impact of meteorologicalconditions, whichdirectly influence the spread ofpollutants.22

RADIOACTIVITY IN THE AIRProgram of systematic monitoringof the levels of radioactivityin the environmentof Belgrade has been definedbased on provisions of the Lawon the Protection from IonizingRadiation (published in the“Official Herald of the FR Yugoslavia”,no 45/ 97). There aretwo other legal documents tomonitor this type of radiation:a) the Decree on SystematicExamination of Radio nuclidesin the Environment (publishedin the “Official Herald of the FRYugoslavia”, no 9/ 99) and Rulebookon the Levels of RadioactiveContamination in the Environmentand on the Manner ofDecontamination (publishedin the “Official Herald of the FRYugoslavia”, no 9/99).Since1990, the Secretariat forthe Environment has been definingthe Program of SystematicMonitoring of the Levelsof radioactivity in the BelgradeEnvironment. The Institutefor Occupational Medicineand Radiology “Dr DragomirKarajovic” has realized theProgram.In the city, we have continuouslymeasured the intensityof gamma radiation at 1 mabove the ground.Intensity of the absorbed dose of gamma irradiation in the air wasin 2006 within the intervals of 0.075 to 0.160 µGy/ h, with meanGamma irradiationannual value of 0.0837 ± 0.004 µGy/ h. This corresponds to thelimits of change of the natural radiation in the air.137Cs in the air Activity of 137 Cs in the air was low in 2006137Cs in precipitation The values of 137 Cs were below the detection limitsQUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM THE BELGRADE WATERWORKS23For several decades, Instituteof Public Health of Belgradehas been monitoring the qualityof drinking water processedin the Belgrade WaterworksPublic Utility. The monitoringhas been performed in orderto secure safe, hygienic drinkingwater for the Belgradepopulation.The control has been performedaccording to theProgram based on the Rulebookon Hygienic Safety ofDrinking Water (published inthe “Official Herald of the FRYugoslavia”, no 42/ 98). Besidethis, additional examinationof the water quality has beenperformed in the laboratoriesof the very Water processingUtility, at installations for waterpurification and in the Servicefor Sanitation and Control ofthe Belgrade Waterworks. ThisService takes approximatelyequal number of samples asInstitute of Public Health ofBelgrade.Within the systematic controlof quality of drinking water,the samples have been taken:¤ at five installations for watertreatment (Banovo Brdo,Bezanija, Bele vode, Makisand Vinca);¤ from 16 tanks, and¤ At 87 distribution networkpoints, in various parts of thecity.The samples from installationshave been taken daily; thesamples from the tanks havebeen taken during one week.During the same time interval,all points from the distributivenetwork have been covered.In the samples, we monitorphysical, chemical, bacteriological,biological quality ofthe water and the degree ofradioactivity. Physical andchemical examinations ofsamples have been done usingseveral “regimens” (defined bythe current Rulebook). Theseare basic, periodical and “large”regimens.The results of laboratoryexaminations of the samplesof drinking water (processedin the Belgrade Waterworks

Public Utility) are presentedin monthly and annual reports.These are distributed toSanitary Inspection Service,Secretariat for the Environmentand the very Public Utility“Belgrade Waterworks”.The city of Belgrade and itssurrounding settlementsare major users of the waterprocessed in the BelgradeWaterworks Public Utility. Theaverage water consumptionwas 6, 772 l/h in 2006. Out ofthe total quantity of processeddrinking water, 59.34% originatefrom underground watersources and the remaining40.66%- from the rivers.In respect to the results wehave obtained, there havebeen no major aberrationsfrom the legal norms in thepast five years. Ovde staviti24Table 1. Total number of samples and percentage of physical, chemical and bacteriological aberrationsin the samples of drinking water taken from The Belgrade Waterworks, 2001- 2006YearTotal no of examinedsamplesPhysical/ chemical aberrationsBacteriological aberrationsno of samples % no of samples %2002 6, 535 115 1.7 337 5.22003 6, 565 64 1.0 275 4.22004 6, 579 83 1.3 349 5.32005 6, 537 100 1.5 420 6.42006 6, 631 96 1.4 383 5.8

In respect to physical andchemical aberrations asagainst relevant norms, turbidityand iron content (withaberration percentage lessthan 2% (see Table 1) are mostfrequently seen. Another examinedparameters of physicaland chemical characteristics inthe samples of drinking waterhave always been within theallowed limits. PAHs, however,polychlorinated biphenyls,organochlorine and organophosphoricpesticides, phenols,cyanides, mineral oils, alkyl-benzo- sulphonates, toxicmetals (such as mercury, cadmium,chrom), nitrites, chlorinatedalcanes, ethenes, benzoles,aromatic carbohydratesand the total α and β activityhas never been detected. Inother words, they have alwaysbeen below the detection limitof the applied method. Otherparameters have been belowMAC. From the standpoint ofhuman health, it is favorablethat these substances have alwaysbeen significantly belowthe regulated limits. This hasalso been the case with theconcentrations of by-productsof disinfection, that occur inthe water after treatment withchlorine.From the technical standpointof water utilization, it is worthmentioning that the values oftotal water hardness are lowerin the part of system on theright bank of River Sava, i.e. inthe old part of the city. Theyhave ranged between 9.6 and17.10 dH. Water hardness inthe “Bezanija” installation (i.e.in the teritorry of Novi Beogradand Zemun) is greaterrangingbetween 16.7 and18.9 0 dH.In the bacteriological sense,the quality of drinking waterprocessed in the BelgradeWaterworks Public Utility inthe five-year period had percentageaberrations rangingfrom 4.0% and 6.5% (Table1). In most instances, thesesamples were taken from thedistribution network in thesummer. Aberrations were theresult of the increased numberof bacteria. However, this hasnever posed any major healthrelatedrisk. It is important asthe indicator of purity and integrityof the very distributionnetwork. It is crucial to say thatpathogenic microorganismshave never been isolated fromthe drinking water processedin the Belgrade Waterworks.Based on the scientific results,examination methodsand state-of the-art technicalfindings, we may assess thatthe water from the BelgradeWaterworks Public Utility issafe and healthy for humanconsumption.25QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER FROM PUBLIC FOUNTAINSDuring 2006, we have taken and examined in the laboratories 328 samples of drinking wateroriginating from public fountains. This assignment was done within the Program of control of thequality of water from the springs, captured in public fountains. The results of our examinations areshown in Table 2.Scope of Examinations No of samples Unsafe (bacteriology)Unsafe(physical-chemicalcharacteristics)Basic analysis 303 156 (51.5%) 82 (27.01%)Periodic analysis 25 14 (56.0%) 6 (25.0%)TOTAL 328 170 (51.8%) 88 (26.8%)During the program realization, reports on the performed laboratory analyses of the water takenfrom public fountains have been regularly submitted to the relevant Secretariats. Institute of PublicHealth of Belgrade gave daily information (via telephone) about the current results and advised thepopulation if the water from public fountains had been safe or unsafe for use.

QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE BELGRADE TERITORRYBETWEEN 2001 AND 200626Methodologies of ControlFor more than four decades,monitoring the quality ofsurface waters in Belgrade hasbeen carried out on the twointernational rivers (Sava andDanube) and sixteen smallerwatercourses of transit nature.The process has been performedon 27 control points.Surface waters quality controlhas been done in order to assessthe quality of watercourses,monitoring the pollutiontrends, assessment of selfpurification.It has been doneto assess the adequacy of theriver bodies to provide enoughquantities of drinking waterfor the city of Belgrade andthe settlements of Obrenovac,Baric and Vinca.Another purpose of this processis to assess the options forirrigation of the surroundingagricultural land and provideprotection of health of allthese who use the waters forrecreational purposes. Thedata we have obtained servedas the basis for the assessmentof efficacy of the measures wehave been undertaking so farto diminish pollution. They willhave be the cornerstone ofour new proposals related tothe protection of the surfacewaters. Throughout theircourses, the waters of Savaand Danube have been classifiedas “class II” - they might beused for recreational purposes,stocking with cyprinid fish anddrinking water supply (afterthe classical physical- chemicaltreatment).The examinations have beendone twice a month, on thespots upstream of the twopoints of water capture of theBelgrade Waterworks (Makisand Vinca). On other spots,they are performed once amonth.Laboratory examinations ofcertain parameters have beendone according to the relevantISO standards and USA-EPAand AWWA standard methods.We examine basic physicalchemicalparameters, indicatorsof oxygen regimen, nutrients,toxic organic substances(Council Directive 86/280/EECof 12 June 1986 on limit valuesand quality objectives for dischargesof certain dangeroussubstances),inorganic toxic substances(metals and metalloids andother toxic inorganic substances),sanitary- microbiologicaland biological parameters.We also determine the pollutantslisted in the Proposal fora European Parliament andCouncil Decision establishingthe list of priority substancesin the field of water policy (EUDecision 2000/ 0035 (COD)and the List of Specific Substancesproposed by ICPD forthe Danube River.Disturbed samples of the surfacesediment layer have beenexamined using CanadianSediment Quality Guidelines.Once a year, we examine biocumulation of organic micropollutants and heavy metals inthe shellfish and muscle tissueof benthonic zone fish andpredators.Assessment of the quality ofsurface waters and their suitabilityfor water supply, recreationalpurposes and irrigationhas been made based on therelevant Serbian legislation,WHO recommendations andEU Directives.Assessment of the content oforganic and inorganic micropollutants in the sedimentwas made by comparison withprobable effect levels accordingto the Canadian SedimentQuality Guidelines and incidence(percentage) of adversebiological effects in concentrationranges was defined bythese values.Bio cumulation is assessedbased on the values given inthe Rulebook on the quantitiesof pesticides, metals andmetalloids and other poisonoussubstances, anabolics andother substances that mightbe found in foods (issued inthe “Official Gazette of theSFRY, no 5/ 92) and the WHORecommendations.

EXAMINATION RESULTSsediment. They are above theprobable effect levels accordingto the Canadian SedimentQuality Guidelines.Bio cumulation of heavy metalsis obvious in the shellfish.In the fish, we detect mildincrease of mercury content inthe predators.Summary results of examinationsof the Sava River waterquality in the past five yearshave been shown in table 3.The DanubeThe situation is similar to theone with Sava River: most aberrationsare seen in sanitarymicrobiologicalparameters.Occasionally, several basicphysical- chemical parameters,nutrients and indicators ofoxygen regimen are beyondthe limits of relevant norms.It is especially seen immediatelydownstream Belgrade.In extremely rare instances, inonly one or two samples wehave found elevated concentrationsof athrazine, phenoland mineral oils. Heavy metalsare constantly within thelimits regulated by Class II riverwater quality.Items from the List of prioritysubstances in the field of waterpolicy (EU Decision 2000/0035 (COD) and ICPD Listfor the Danube are, in mostcases, below the detectionlimits of the applied method.We often register high concen-Table 3. Quality of the Sava River water in the territory of Belgrade, 2002- 200628YearNo ofsamplesII Classriverwatersno ofsamples%beyond Class II, due to changed parametersbacteriology andphysical/chemicalno of%samplesonly physical andchemicalno ofsamples%only bacteriologyno ofsamples2002 66 35 53.0 5 7.6 15 22.7 11 16.72003 68 24 35.3 11 16.2 7 10.3 26 38.22004 68 34 50.0 11 16.2 4 5.9 19 27.92005 68 19 27.9 22 32.4 13 19.1 14 20.62006 68 22 32.4 20 29.3 4 5.9 22 32.4%The SavaThe examinations performedso far show that the qualityof Sava River has aberrationsmostly caused by changedsanitary- microbiologicalparameters. Several basicphysical- chemical parametersand nutrients are occasionallybeyond the limits of relevantnorms. Indicators of oxygenregimen are sporadicallybeyond these limits too. Exceptionallyrarely, in only 1- 2samples, we register an annualincrease in the concentrationsof athrazine, phenol andmineral oils. Heavy metals arewithin the limits of the Class IIriver water quality.Items from the List of prioritysubstances in the field of waterpolicy (EU Decision 2000/0035 (COD) and ICPD List forthe Danube are, in most cases,below the detection limits ofthe applied method.We often register high concentrationsof heavy metals in thetrations of heavy metals in thesediment. They are above theprobable effect levels accordingto the Canadian SedimentQuality Guidelines.Bio cumulation of heavy metalsis obvious in the shellfish.In the fish, we detect mildincrease of mercury content inthe predators.Summary results of examinationsof the Danube Riverwater quality in the past fiveyears have been shown intable 4.

Table 4. Results of the river water quality control for the Danube on the territory of Belgrade,2002- 2006YearNo ofsamplesII Classriverwatersno ofsamples%beyond Class II, due to changed parametersbacteriology andphysical/ chemicalno ofsamples%only physical andchemicalno ofsamples%only bacteriologyno ofsamples2002 66 26 39.4 14 21.2 10 15.2 16 24.22003 67 19 28.4 24 35.8 6 9.0 18 26.82004 68 27 39.7 10 14.7 5 7.4 26 38.22005 68 13 19.2 26 38.2 9 13.2 20 29.42006 68 11 16.2 23 3.8 9 13.2 25 36.8%Other small watercourses, especiallythese flowing throughsettlements, have been seriouslydegraded. Their watersare constantly beyond bordersof regulated river water class.Unpurified industrial andsanitary wastewaters that pourinto these small watercoursespose a huge environmentaland health- related problem.They contain high concentrationsof nutrients, resulting in acomplete imbalance of oxygenand gross microbiological pollution.Sometimes, we find highconcentrations of certain inorganictoxic substances in thesewaters.Foto: N. Čović29

THE SOILExamination of Soil Pollution in the Teritorry of Belgrade In 2006Research AreaIn 2006, the Soil Pollution Program was focused on the following research areas:I the soil in the zone of sanitary protection of the Belgrade WaterworksII the soil near large crossroadsIII the soil within residential zone in the cityIV the soil near industrial facilities30

Results of ExaminationsScope of researchGeneral remarksMost frequently seen pollutantsNickelOther pollutantsIn 2006, within the aim of the Program (Examination of SoilPollution in the teritorry of Belgrade) we have sampled 64 soilsfrom 33 locations and examined them in our laboratoryThe conclusions reached in previous years have been confirmed:there are locations with re- confirmed degradation ofthe surface layer of the soilIn a majority of samples we have registered aberrations fromthe relevant Rulebook, due to elevated concentrations of aheavy metal (nickel)Confirmation of the presence of nickel in similar (elevated)concentrations, in a great number of soil samples, at certainlocations, points to its geographical origin. It is naturally foundin the soil belonging to the city areaIn a smaller number of soil samples, at certain locations, weregistered presence of specific pollutants that normally are notpresent in the surface layer of the soil (i.e pollutants of anthropogenicorigin- PAH, DDT, mineral oils)31

COMMUNAL NOISE IN BELGRADEThe level of noise has been monitored at 30 reference points. These have been defined by Secretariatfor the Environment, in accordance with legal provisions and professional criteria. Measuringspots were chosen as representatives of certain urban zones of different purpose and along majorcrossroads (intersections). Zoning of the city, from the standpoint of noise, was done in 1984, inonly five municipalities.32Sources of noiseMeasuring procedureThe levels of noise measuredExceeding the allowedlevelZoningMaximumCommunal noise originates mostly from traffic. Industrial activities,small business, construction and other activities are less importantIntroduction of the 24h measuring procedure (over the standard one)and use of the expanded protocol, helped us obtain more precise andreliable data on the levels of communal noiseThe levels of communal noise registered in 2006 were still elevated (at24 measuring points- daytime and at 25 measuring points- nighttime).They exceed regulated levels.The exceeding of allowed level of noise during the day is 2- 10 dB (A).During the night, it ranges from 1 to 16 dB (A), depending on the purposeof the zone in which it had been measured. The situation is morefavorable than in 2005On the average, greatest exceeding of the allowed levels are found inresidential areas and zones along the busy highwaysAbsolute greatest noise was recorded in the Glavna and Karadjordjevastreets. The relevant levels during the day reach even 75 dB (A) there.During the night, they reach 70 dB (A).

ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTHealth and safe environmentis one of the prerogatives ofthe Law on health care in theRepublic of Serbia and at thesame time of World Health Organization“Health for All 21.”Aiming at protecting healthof the populations, it stressesthat everyday exposure toconcentrations of pollutantsshould not exceed the prescribedlimits. In order to providedata on concentrations ofpollutants in the environment,and consequently, analyzethem and provide measurements,as risk factors in relationto health, we establisheda system of environmentalmonitoring for the teritorry ofBelgrade. The data obtainedfrom this system are used tointerconnect wider notion of“Monitoring system of environmentand health.”Environmental monitoringprovides data on the state ofthe environment. We are usingDPSEEA (Driving Forces-Pres-sures-State-Exposure-Effects-Actions) model in designinga system of EnvironmentalHealth EH indictors within thedecision-making context. Similarmethodological principlehas been applied in “EcologicalValidation of Belgrade”. Thereare given health indicators ofexposure to polluted air accordingto Air Quality Indexes,what is a good starting pointfor both decrease of air pollutionand removal of anotherrisk factor and it certainly contributeto the improvement ofpopulation health.Health Indicators are a powerfulinstrument in communicationfor policy management inenvironmental protection.33

PUBLIC UTILITIES OF BELGRADE IN THE PROTECTIONOF THE ENVIRONMENT34The activities of Secretariat for Communal andResidential Affairs are:¤ Regular maintenance of green areas, otherpublic areas and sanitary facilities;¤ Construction and regular maintenance ofpublic fountains, parks and forests, bank areasand littoral zones, public bathing beach inAda Ciganlija and other contents of this recreationalresort;¤ Defining the Water Supply Program (treatmentof surface and underground waters anddistribution of drinking water) and regulationof precipitation and wastewaters; productionand delivery of heating.PUBLIC UTILITY“WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM”¤ In 2006, they produced 95.86% of water inrelation to the adopted production plan. June29, 2006 had the greatest production of drinkingwater- 7, 946 l/ sec;¤ In 2006, there were 12.65% more interventionson the mains of waterworks comparedto 2005;¤ In 2006, they reconstructed and installed 30,927 meters of mains of waterworks;¤ The Utility built in 1,723 pieces of new metalframeworks, 22 pieces of pressure regulators,128 hydrants;¤ The Utility had 78 planned rinsing of the waterworksmains and 554 extraordinary ones.MUNICIPAL WASTE SERVICES during year 2006.manz new actions have been undertaken¤ Innovated the manner of street- cleaning byintroducing vacuum cleaners attached to thegarbage truck¤ founded ecological patrols¤ founded the first yard for recycling¤ introduced new technologies for sweeping¤ introduced primary classification of the communalgarbage¤ introduced drives for take- away of bulkywaste¤ cleaned flooded areas¤ expanded their activities to the settlementsin the outskirts of Belgrade- suburban settlementsRaw Materials and RecyclingIn the “Waste” section of their Utility, within thefirst adopted plan,, they have managed to collect:Used paperScrap sheet metalScrap ironSecondary scrap metalScrap non- ferrous metalsPET bottles3, 114 t2, 180 t179 t30 t136 t297 tWorks performed on the Sewerage SystemNoType ofinterventionTotal interventionsin 20061 Sewers 134, 075 pcs2Sewerageconnections93, 689 pcs3 Collectors 11, 380 m 34 Waterworks mains 362, 382 m

PUBLIC UTILITY FOR THE MAIN-TENANCE OF GREEN AREAS -BASIC ACTIVITIESThe Program of Maintenanceof public green areas has encompassedthe following:¤ planting of 2,984 trees (deciduousand coniferous) onthe public green areas of thecity and 1, 740 nursery plantsin tree lines;¤ planting of approximately2,000 various trees andbushes on the green areas,around schools, day carecenters, kindergartens andschools. It was done in cooperationwith communityrepresentatives;¤ from the green areas, theUtility has felled down andremoved 908 trees that hadbeen infested, rotten, dry orotherwise dangerous. Thesame was done with 1,111trees in tree lines;¤ dry branches were cut andremoved in 5,117 trees onthe public green areas. In6,689 trees the treetops weresupported and elevated.Other aesthetic interventionswere performed on2,000 trees.THE BELGRADE ELECTRICPOWERHOUSE PUBLIC UTILITYIt is the greatest system forthe transmission of thermalenergy in Serbia, having¤ 2,600 MW of installed power¤ 504 km of thermal networkand pipes¤ 5,000 relays¤ It uses natural gas, heatingoil (fuel oil), extra light oil(diesel) and coal as sourcesof energy;¤ In 2006, we have suspended24 local heating stations thathad been using coal and fueloil¤ We have made heating attachmentsfor 2,462 residentialbuildings (1,429,779m 2 or 23,830 apartments) in2006;¤ Since 1980 we have beenperforming the control ofwastewaters, emission andimission with the aim of protectionof the environmentPUBLIC UTILITY “SRBIJAŠUME”,the Beograd HoldingForest Holding “Beograd”¤ Forests near Belgrade cover32,323 hectares. Privatelyownedforests spread on 15,636 hectares;¤ We afforest 400 hectares annually;¤ Belgrade has 0.025 hectaresof forest per one inhabitant;¤ Eleven recreational forestshave been recovered forholiday and relaxation of ourpopulationPUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONUTILITYThe transportation system inthe city is based on public andprivate partnership¤ Daily, there are 1,600, 000public drives, about 50% ofall trips in Belgrade¤ The network of bus and tramlines has been constantlyupgrading¤ Motor pool has been updatingregularly; we have 24new EURO3 busses¤ We have suspended 40 outdatedbusses¤ We have initiated a Pilotproject involving the use ofbio- diesel¤ Promotion of sub- systemsusing electricity was 20% in2006¤ We apply environmentalfriendlymeasures within ourplants: taking care of thequality of air, wastewaters,waste handling, noise andsoil pollution.“BEOGRAD PUT” PUBLIC UTILITY¤ In 2006, we have made369,458 t of asphalt roadmass, 10% more than in theprevious year,¤ We have renovated 414streets (total lengthe of367,61 km);¤ We have renovated roadsin 30 city main roadways(length of 45 km)¤ We have paid special attentionin renovating city crossroadswithin central municipalitiesand renovated andmaintained underpasses;¤ We have stopped landslidesin Rakovica and Avalski put,Vrbnicka, Cunarska ans PatrijarhaDimitrija streets;¤ New asphalt layer was madein 72 playgrounds, sportsand school gymnastic fields;¤ We have posted 7,380 streettraffic signs;¤ We have installed lightsignaling and mounted 543traffic lights posts;¤ We have undertaken environmental-friendly measuresby protecting the35

workers from fuel oil impact,in accordance with currentregulations.“JEVREMOVAC”BOTANICAL GARDEN¤ It is a huge laboratory in theopen, working under theauspices of the BelgradeUniversity School of Botany.It serves as a scientific centerfor the whole republic. Thegarden is a monument underprotection, natural reservewith class II protection regimen.THE BELGRADE DIRECTORATEFOR WATERS¤ Assignments of the Directoratehave been closely connectedwith the reforms thathave to be carried out withinthe defined time- frame.They will be adapted to thecity economy and demandsof the international community,which essentiallydefines general aims of ourcommunity.¤ In the past two years, theDirectorate realized two majorcity decisions: Decisionon the Provision of Waterto the City of Belgrade andDecision on the Installationof Vessels. The Decision onProcessing and Channelingof Wastewaters is in the finalstage of adoption.36Foto: N. Čović

ABOUT INSTITUTIONS WHICH PARTICIPATEDREGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTERThe Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)]The REC Contry Office Serbia is part of REC system country offices in countries of Central and EasternEurope (CEE) region and Turkey.The REC was established in 1990 and has its head office in Szentendre, Hungary, and country officesin 17 countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Turkey. The REC is a non-partisan, non-advocacy,not-for-profit international organisation with a mission to assist in solving environmentalproblems in Central and Eastern Europe. The REC fulfils this mission by promoting cooperationamong non-governmental organisations, governments, businesses and other environmental stakeholders,and by supporting the free exchange of information and public participation in environmentaldecision making.Web address of REC Head Office:http//www.rec.org/Web address of REC Country Office Serbia:http://www.recyu.org/Direktor:Milan Dacić, tel: +381 11 3292 899Foto: N. Čović37

INSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADEINSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH: WHAT IT IS, WHAT IT DOESThe Institute has approximately 400 employees: 67 medical doctors of various specialties and agreat number of health care associates with high school education- chemical engineers, chemists,biologists, environment protection engineers, pharmacists and programmers, who contribute toprofessional and scientific approach to the health and environmental protection and promotion.After a year of preparation, the Institute has accomplished a process of standardization to SRPS/ ISO9001:2001 and SRPS/ ISO 14001:2004.Center for Hygiene and Human EcologyMultidisciplinary teams prepare, make plans and set up programs for monitoring of the environmentalmedia: water, air and soil in urban and rural settlements. Registers, collect and evaluatesdata about health risk factors present in the environment, and give recommendations for preventiveand mitigation measures. The Center monitors the level of communal noise.38Laboratory for Human Ecology and EcotoxicologyLaboratory for Human Ecology and Ecotoxicology was among the first In Republic of Serbia to beaccredited according to ISO 17025. Laboratory determines a large number of inorganic and organiccompaunds in samples of air, water, soil, sediments and biological material.IPH laboratory is one of the most advanced in the field of environmental trace analysis. Laboratoryhas some of the most sophisticated and advanced instrumentation on the market in accordancewith EN ISO/SRPS 17025. IPH Laboratory carry out sampling and analysis, instrument callibration,maintenance and international inter-calibrarion.Center for Eco-toxicology:Deals with examination of hazardous wastes, determines caracterization and categorization of it,gives recomendations for handling, and treatment of solid and liquid waste.Performes collecting,recycling, destroying and final disposal of medical waste form medical and other health institutions.Centerhas been appointed responsible for the function of Ecotoxicological Center for the cityof Belgrade. Formed Mobile Ecotoxicological Units (MEJ) take active part in prevention, and preperadnessto chemical accidents, gives measures for remediation,and sanitation;

INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTHof SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH of SERBIA “Dr Milan Jovanović Batut“Institute of Public Health of Serbia „Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut“ is the public health institution whichperforms the tasks of common concern and interest in the area of health care in the Republic ofSerbia.The specific areas of health activities covered by the institute are epidemiology, hygiene and humanecology, social medicine, organization of health care and health services, health statistics andinformatics, health educating etc.The Institute is the professional and methodological, and the scientific and educational institutionfor the areas covered by.As a reference proffessional and methodological institution, the Institute is involved in desingningthe health care policy the strategies, organization and health system devlopment.The Institute coordinates and participates in the implementation of the special health care programmersin the population, which are brought by the government of Serbia.It also coordinates activities and devlopment of the network of 23 regional public-health Institutesof Serbia.39Apart form other activities, the Institute is a teaching base for certain subjects at the Schools ofMedicine, Dental Medicine, and Pharmacy of the University of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis and Kragujevac.The Institute has about 250 emploeeys: health workers and health co-workers, and workers ofvarious other profiles. Out of them, 132 have university-level education among which there are 61specialist in preventive medicine, stomatology, pharmacy, and 40 are university-level co-workers.

Clinical Center of SerbiaInstitute of Occupationaland Radiological Health“Dr. Dragomir Karajović” Deligradska 29, BelgradeSerbiaTel: +381 11 2685 485Fax: + 381 11 2643 675WHO Collaborating CenterInstitute of Occupational Health in Belgrade is the national institute of Serbia. It has been foundedin 1953 by Serbian Ministry of Health. Today, it is a part of the Clinical Center of Serbia, and WHOCollaborating Center in Occupational Health.Main tasks¤ Reference institution for occupational health care of working population¤ Doctrinaire and methodological activities in the field of occupational health¤ Occupational medical care and introduction of new methods in diagnostic, therapy and rehabilitationin the field of occupational diseases and work-related diseases¤ Protection from ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in health care workers¤ Scientific and research projects¤ Education and training in occupational health and related fields40OrganizationThe main departments of the Institute are as follows:I Center for Occupational Diseases and ToxicologyII Center for Occupational HealthIII Center for assessment of fitness for workIV Center for Occupational Health Development and International RelationsV Center for Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation ProtectionEmployeesThe total number of personnel is 149, out of which there is: 38 physicians, 21 graduates (technologists,physicists, engineers, biochemists, pharmacologists, etc.), 56 nurses, among others.Out of the total number of employees: 56 are specialists, 6 subspecialists ,12 with Ph.D.and12 with MSc degrees.International collaborationThe Institute has contributed to the international field by:¤ Being one of the WHO collaborating center in occupational health¤ Organizing eight international courses in toxicology for developing countries sponsored by WHO,Yugoslav and the Netherlands governments¤ Experts from the Institute participated in the development of occupational health and specifictoxicological laboratories in India, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Greece and other countries worldwide¤ Performing the collaboration with the Russian Federation, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Czech Republic,Poland and other countries through scientific visits, joint projects, participation at internationalcongresses and symposia, exchange of scientific literature and other.

Institute for Nature Conservation of SerbiaInstitute for Nature Conservation of Serbia is a governmental institution which has been performingfor more than half a century activities related to protection and improvement of the Serbiannatural heritage. On the basis of research results and evaluation of the natural resources of a certainregion, status and level of the ecosystem endangerment, the Institutes experts propose protection,i.e. type, category, measures and level of protection for natural properties. The Institute performsactivities related to protection and improvement of the nature of Serbia: protection of natural assets,protection procedure activation by developing of scientific-expert studies, expert surveillance,monitoring, conservation of biological and geological diversity, participation in developing ofregional plans and technical documentation concerning asses of environmental impact; also education,presentation and publishing activity. Results of the activities are the studies, which are usedas a basis in applying any natural asset for protection. The seat of the Institute is in Belgrade andWork Units in Novi Sad and Niš, while the Priština Work Unit is currently not operating. The Instituteperforms its activities through the Nature Protection Sector, Research-Development Sector andGeneral Administrative Sector.The Institute intensively cooperates with numerous scientific and expert, governmental andnon-governmental organizations in the country and abroad. It is member of several internationalorganizations for nature protection: IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), EU-ROPARC (Federation of Nature and National Parks of Europe), ProGEO (European Association for theConservation of the Geological Heritage), and ECNC (European Centre for Nature Conservation).As result of work for protection and improvement of the Serbian natural heritage, in Serbia, atpresent, 6.14% of its teritorry is under statutory protection. The Institutes proposals enabled so farprotection of 1119 natural assets.41Foto: N. Čović

42Foto: N. Čović

44Foto: N. Čović

ISBN 978-86-7550-052-0CITY ASSEMBLY OF BELGRADESECRETARIT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION27. marta 43-45, BeogradTel: (011) 32-26-106Faks: (011) 32-22-681E-mail: beoeko@beogradsg.org.yuWeb: www.eko.bg.gov.yuNSTITUT OF PUBLIC HEALTH of BELGRADEDespota Stefana 54a, BeogradTel: (011) 207-86-37Faks: (011) 322-78-28Web: www.zdravlje.org.yuwww.beoeko.comRegional Environmental Centerfor Central and Eastern Europe (REC)Primorska 31 (entrance from Preradovićeva st.)11000 Beograd, SrbijaTel: (011) 32-92-899; 32-92-595; 32-93-010; 32-93-011Faks: (011) 32-93-020E-mail: office@recyu.orgWeb: www.recyu.orgCIP - Каталогизација у публикацијиНародна библиотека Србије502.175(497.11)”2001/2006”(036)ENVIRONMENT in the city of Belgrade / [authors Snežana Matić-Besarabić...[et al.] ; editorial board Marija Grubačević, Snežana Matić-Besarabić ;translater Vesna Dražilović-Dadić]. - Belgrade : The Regional EnvironmentalCenter for Central and Eastern Europe, Country Office Serbia : Institute ofPublic Health : Secretariat for Environmental Protection, 2007 (Belgrade :Standard 2). - 42 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cmIzv. stv. nasl.: Kvalitet životne sredine grada Beograda; odlomci. - Podaci oautorima preuzeti iz kolofona. Tiraž 1.000. - Str. 4: A Word from the Secretariatfor Environmental Protection / Branislav BožovićISBN 978-86-7550-052-0 (REC)1. Matić-Besarabić, Snežanaa) Животна средина - Контрола - Београд - 2001-2006 - ВодичCOBISS.SR-ID 143744012