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HEADINGfication services (e.g., through accounts at public social networks or standardopen accounts); they can perform the same tasks as the internal observersand influence case advancement only indirectly.Visibility of the process status. The interaction with cases and activity instancescan occur at different levels of control: an actor can interact via theexplicit publication and manipulation of the case and activity status (directaccess); via the right of publication and manipulation of a restricted set ofcase- and activity-related parameters (view access); or in an implicit and indirectway, via the publication and manipulation of objects or other derivedinformation (artifact-mediated access). When the access to process status isindirect, the influence on activity advancement can still take place, via themediation of a human task executed by an internal performer or a decisiongateway testing some condition formally expressed in the process modelLevel of social participation. The interaction of external social actors witha business process can produce different impacts on case advancement; externalusers can: be informed about the progress of a case or an activity;create comments used for (offline) process evaluation; create events that triggerthe state transition of activities; create data objects or modify parametervalues that alter the status of activities or the control flow of the case.Table 2 summarizes the social BPM dimensions relevant to the analysis ofthe running example.Actor CategoriesInternal performersInternal observersWorldwide manager, Country managers and Local employeesinvolved in a Content Management Process caseManagers and employees of other countries, not assignedto or owning the active Content Management Process caseExternal observers Customers self-registering in the portal for the CampaignManagement ProcessVisibility of Process StatusDirect accessWorldwide manager, country managers and employeesacting on activities of the Content Management Processcase they own/ participate inView accessManagers and employees of other countries viewing andcommenting content proposals produced in a non-ownedprocess caseArtifact-mediated Customers receiving campaign announcements (readaccess) and creating user invitations (write access)Level of Social ParticipationInformCommentGenerate a signalWorldwide managers receiving notifications of commentsto content proposalsCountry managers and employees reading and commentingcontent proposalsWorldwide managers promoting content proposals to mastercontent statusProduce dataPortal users creating friend invitationsTable 2. Social dimensions in the running example8