Scientific Report 2003-2004 - Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research ...

The Department of Biomedical EngineeringQuantitative Microscopy andHigh-Resolution Imaging of BoneTHE WHITAKERBIOMEDICAL IMAGINGLABORATORYOsteoporosis, a disease characterized bylow bone mass and loss of structuralintegrity of bone tissue, can ultimatelylead to bone fracture. Osteoporosis is responsiblefor 1.5 million fractures annually inAmerica. The annual cost for treatingosteoporotic fractures worldwide is estimatedto be 10-15 billion U.S. dollars. Significantmorbidity and mortality are associated withosteoporotic fractures, and 80% of thoseaffected by osteoporosis are women.Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)is a three-dimensional (3D) x-ray imagingtechnology used to evaluatethe trabecular structure ofcancellous bone both in vivoand ex vivo specimens fromhumans and animals. As anoninvasive imagingmodality, it is suitable formonitoring varioustreatment effects in smallanimals over time. It hasbeen used to study in vivochanges in trabeculararchitecture of the tibia inOVX rats and the effects ofsubsequent hormonereplacementtherapy inestrogen-depletedosteopenic rats. Our grouphas recently designed anddeveloped a high-resolutionmicro-CT imaging system toevaluate the microarchitectureof bone ex vivoin specimens and in vivo insmall animal models.Working closely with basic and clinicalscientists, we are developing novel highresolutionimaging and post-processingtechniques that will aid in evaluating early bone lossand bone formation in small-animal models ofosteoporosis and in monitoring the effects ofvarious treatments longitudinally. We propose todevelop: 1) high-resolution 3D fluorescencemicroscopy and micro-CT imaging techniques foranalyzing in vivo and excised bone over largeregions of interest; 2) intra- and multimodalityregistration technique for spatially aligninglongitudinal micro-CT images and 3D colorhistology images of trabecular bone; 3) real-timevisualization and graphic manipulation tools forsimultaneously displaying 3D color-histology and4D micro-CT images;and 4) novel measuresto identify early boneloss/formation fromdirect measurement oflongitudinal micro-CTimages of bonetrabecula. Theseimaging tools willallow bone researchersto visualize two ormore spatially aligned3D micro-CT imagesets as well as the 3Dcolor histology withthe micro-CT imagessimultaneously. Mostimportantly, it willprovide a mechanismfor interactivelyreviewing, localizing,and quantifyinginformation obtainedfrom different imagingmodalities at differentspatial resolutions.Kimerly A. Powell, Ph.D.THE POWELLLABORATORYRESEARCH ENGINEERLarry Latson, M.S.COLLABORATORSSuneel S. Apte, Ph.D. 1Bradley Clymer, Ph.D .2Ronald J. Midura, Ph.D. 1George F. Muschler, M.D. 1Don Stredney 31Dept. of BiomedicalEngineering, CCF2Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Ohio State University,Columbus, OH3The Ohio SupercomputerCenter, Columbus, OHLatson, L., Powell, K.A., Sturm, B., Schvartzman, P.R., and R. D. White (2001) Clinical validation of anautomated boundary tracking algorithm on cardiac MR images. Int. J. Cardiac Imaging 17:279-286.Obuchowski, N.A., Graham, R.J., Baker, M.E, and K.A. Powell (2001) Ten criteria for effective screening:their application to multislice CT screening for pulmonary and colorectal cancers. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.176:1357-1362.Sivaramakrishna, R., Obuchowski, N.A., Chilcote, W.A., and K.A. Powell (2001) Automatic segmentationof mammographic density. Acad. Radiol. 8:250-256.Sturm, B., Powell, K., Stillman, A.E., and R.D. White (2002) Registration of 3D CT angiography MRimages in coronary artery disease patients, Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging, accepted.Muschler, G.F., Nitto, H., Matsukura, Y., Boehm, C., Valdevit, A., Kambic, H., Davros, W., Powell, K., andK. Easley (2003) Spine fusion using cell matrix composites enriched in bone marrow-derived cells. Clin.Orthop. (407):102-118.29