Scientific Report 2003-2004 - Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research ...

BIOMECHANICSThe Department of Biomedical EngineeringAnalysis of Musculoskeletal Function forInjury Prevention and RehabilitationTHE VAN DEN BOGERTLABORATORYPROJECT STAFFScott G. McLean, Ph.D.RESEARCH FELLOWSElizabeth C. Hardin, Ph.D.Kiyonori Mizuno, M.D.RESEARCH ENGINEERAnne Su, M.Sc.SENIOR RESEARCH TECHNICIANXuemei Hiuang, M.S.GRADUATE STUDENTSRudolph Pienaar, M.Sc. 1Jerôme Hausselle, B.S. 21Applied Biomed. Eng.program, Cleveland StateUniv., Cleveland, OH2Mechanical Engineering,Cleveland State Univ.,Cleveland, OHUNDERGRADUATE STUDENTGurpreet DhillonBiomedical Engineering, CaseWestern Reserve University,Cleveland, OHCOLLABORATORSJack T. Andrish, M.D. 1Brian L. Davis, Ph.D. 2Mark D. Grabiner, Ph.D. 2,3Richard R. Neptune, Ph.D. 41Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery,CCF2Dept. of Biomedical Engineering,CCF3Dept. of Kinesiology, Univ. ofIllinois, Chicago4Dept. of Mech. Engineering,Univ. of Texas, AustinHuman movement is generated by muscleforces, which are in turn controlled bythe central nervous system. At the sametime, joints and ligaments are subject tomechanical stresses that can lead to injury. Ourlaboratory aims to understand these processesthrough computational models of theneuromusculoskeletal system as well as throughnovel experimental techniques. We apply thisknowledge to injury prevention, rehabilitation,and prosthetics. This work spans the disciplinesof mechanical engineering, neuroscience, appliedmathematics, and orthopedics.Sport injuriesRupture of the anteriorcruciate ligament (ACL) in theknee is a common and serioussport injury. Apart from acuteeffects, this injury often causesosteoarthritis within 10-20years. Our hypothesis is thatACL injury can be preventedthrough a combination ofimproved neuromuscularcontrol and altered frictionalproperties of footwear. Wehave developed a threedimensionalmodel that canperform dynamic landing tasksthat put the knee joint at riskfor injury. After “training” themodel to reproduce a fast sidestepping movement,several ACL injuries can be generated byperforming thousands of simulations accordingto the subject’s variability in neuromuscularcontrol. We then quantify the effect of variousprevention strategies on the incidence of injury.Antonie J. van den Bogert, Ph.D.A similar approach is used for the study of footand ankle injuries during landings on unevensurfaces.In conjunction with this computationalwork, we are performing experiments on cadaverspecimens to determine how the strain in the ACLdepends on the interactions between large threedimensionalforces and torques applied to theknee joint.Control of posture and gaitNeuromuscular control is not onlyimportant for sport injuries, but also is a necessarycomponent of seemingly simple tasks such asstanding and walking. Using computer simulations,we can quantify the effectof neuromuscular control on gaitstability and have shown thatfeedback control is needed togenerate an efficient, stablewalking gait. In postural control,we have applied the theory ofreinforcement learning (RL) tothe control of a multi-linkinverted pendulum. Our goal is todesign an adaptive neuralcontroller for human posture thatcan learn to perform a step torecover balance after a largeperturbation. Walking may thenoccur naturally as a sequence ofbalance recoveries. This work hasimplications for prevention of falls in older adultsand for treatment of movement disorders. Otherpotential applications of this work are inintelligent prostheses, function restoration afterspinal cord injury, and the development ofbiologically inspired robots.Wright, I.C., Neptune, R.R., van den Bogert, A.J., and B.M. Nigg (2000) The influence of foot positioningon ankle sprains. J. Biomech. 33:513-519.Neptune, R.R., Wright, I.C., and A.J. van den Bogert (2000) The influence of orthotic devices andvastus medialis strength on patella-femoral loads during running. Clin. Biomech. 15:611-618.Bellchamber, T.L., and A.J. van den Bogert (2000) Contributions of proximal and distal moments to tibialrotation during walking and running. J. Biomech. 33:1397-1403.Wilson, A.M., McGuigan, M.P., Su, A., and A.J. van den Bogert (2001) Horses damp the spring in theirstep. Nature 414:895-899.van den Bogert, A.J., Pavol, M.J., and M.D. Grabiner (2002) Response time is more important thanwalking speed for the ability of older adults to avoid a fall after a trip. J. Biomech. 35:199-205.20