Scientific Report 2003-2004 - Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research ...

The Department of Biomedical EngineeringContinued from Page 12Engineering. BME is now the largest departmentof the Foundation’s Lerner Research Institute,with more than 250 personnel in 24 separateresearch laboratories and core facilities. In Fall2002, Peter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D., who studiesfoot disease in diabetes and bone loss duringspace flight, joined the Foundation as the newBME chairman. Dr. Cavanagh has active researchprograms funded by the National Institutes ofHealth and NASA, including a current flightexperiment on the International Space Station.Dr. Cavanagh is also Academic Director of theFoundation’s new Diabetic Foot Care Program,which is bringing amultidisciplinary approach to thecare of diabetic patients at risk forfoot disease and amputation.BME is organized into eightareas of intellectual focus:Biomechanics, Biomedical Devices,BioMEMS and Nanotechnology,Cardiovascular Bioengineering,Imaging, Neural Control, OrthopaedicBiology and Bioengineering,and Tissue Engineering and WoundHealing. Several staff memberscontribute to more than one area.The Orthopaedic Research Center, a jointenterprise between BME and the Department ofOrthopaedic Surgery, is also based in thedepartment. In fiscal year 2002, BME’s incomefrom research grants and contracts was $16.5million, with $12.5 million from federal sources;of that total, $8.8 million came from theNational Institutes of Health. Departmentmembers published more than 100 articles in2002 in journals such as Artificial Organs,Biomedical Microdevices, Clinical Orthopaedics,Computers in Medical Imaging, Gait & Posture,Journal of the American Medical Association, Journalof Biological Chemistry, Journal of Cell Science,Nature Cell Biology, New England Journal ofMedicine, and Science. A strong administrativeteam supports grant preparation and managementand editorial activities; BME’s educationalcoordinator works to integrate a range ofprograms that extend from high-school studentresearch projects, to summer Research Experiencefor Undergraduates programs, and conventionalgraduate education. BME graduatestudents come from the Biomedical Engineeringprogram at Case Western Reserve University(CWRU) or the Applied Biomedical Engineeringprogram at Cleveland State University. BMEstaff are actively engaged in educationalprograms at both institutions. Degree programs atthe M.S. and Ph.D. levels in Biomedical Engineeringare also offered to students enrolled inthe new Cleveland Clinic Lerner College ofMedicine of CWRU.The prime focus of several laboratories isin the area of Biomechanics. Brian Davis,Ph.D., studies lower-extremity biomechanics inrelation to forces applied to muscle, nerve, andbone. For amputee, arthritis and stroke patients,he has also developed an instrumented dual-tracktreadmill to permit real-time monitoring, analysisand rehabilitation of a patient’s gait. Work onstudies of 3-D pressure and shear loading on thediabetic foot vs. footwear and on countermeasuresto bone loss in astronauts are complementaryto those of the Cavanagh laboratory. SusanD’Andrea, Ph.D., is developing an instrumentedtreadmill to challenge thepostural control system ofastronauts as a countermeasureto neurovestibularadaptations ofmicrogravity whileproviding exercise tobenefit the musculoskeletalsystem. The work ofAntonie J. van den Bogert,Ph.D., correlates thedisciplines of mechanicalengineering, neuroscience,applied mathematics, andorthopaedics, using computational models of theneuromusculoskeletal system and novel experimentaltechniques in studying injury prevention,rehabilitation, and prosthetics. These methods areused to study prevention strategies againstanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and toquantify stability using feedback control ofposture and gait. Future applications involveprevention of falls in the elderly, treatment ofmovement disorders, intelligent prostheses,restoration of function after spinal cord injury,and development of biologically inspired robots.Mark D. Grabiner, Ph.D., (part-time BME Staffmember who is now at the University of Illinoisat Chicago) conducts studies related to falls andmobility in the elderly. Other BME staff whosework has a biomechanical emphasis are Drs.Kathleen Derwin, Guang Yue and Melissa KnotheTate (see below).Much of the activity in BiomedicalDevices is concerned with cardiac pumps. Froman NIH-funded Innovative Ventricular AssistSystem (IVAS) program, Leonard A.R. Golding,M.D., has patented CCF’s unique implantablecentrifugal (nonpulsatile) blood pump, the thirdgenerationCorAide TM Ventricular Assist System,which is nonthrombogenic without use ofanticoagulants; in April 2001, Arrow International,Inc., acquired the rights to the technologyto test the device as a bridge to transplant/recovery. Preclinical evaluations and validationsof this device continue at CCF. KiyotakaContinued on Page 14RESEARCH ASSOCIATESTodd C. Doehring, Ph.D.Ahmet Erdemir, Ph.D.Jon D. Klingensmith, Ph.D.Durba Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D.Anuja Nair, Ph.D.Yaling Shi, Ph.D.Patrick Smits, Ph.D.Robert P.T. Somerville, D.Phil.Xiaowei Su, Ph.D.Azita Tajaddini, Ph.D.JOINT STAFFWilliam J. Davros, Ph.D.Brian W. Duncan, M.D.Roy K. Greenberg, M.D.Urs O. Hafeli, Ph.D.Sandra S. Halliburton, Ph.D.David Huang, M.D., Ph.D.Joseph P. Iannotti, M.D., Ph.D.Ulf R. Knothe, M.D., Dr. Med.Patrick M. McCarthy, M.D.Robert F. McLain, Ph.D.Paul A. Murray, Ph.D.Emil P. Paganini, M.D.Stephen I. Reger, Ph.D.James D. Thomas, M.D.Jean A. Tkach, Ph.D.Martin S. Weinhous, M.D.ADJUNCT STAFFPeter M. Anderson, Ph.D.Ananth Annapragada, Ph.D.Ravi V. Bellamkonda, Ph.D.Joan M. Belovich, Ph.D.Jeffrey J. Chalmers, Ph.D.George P. Chatzimavroudis, Ph.D.Bradley D. Clymer, Ph.D.Patrick E. Crago, Ph.D.Alan Freed, Ph.D.Jaikrishnan R. Kadambi, Ph.D.Geoffrey Lockwood, Ph.D.Paul Malchesky, D. Eng.Gerald M. Saidel, Ph.D.Orhan Talu, Ph.D.Central image: Computersimulation of jump landings on anuneven surface.The computational model showshow an ankle sprain injury (front)can be prevented through subtlechanges in landing technique(middle and back). From thelaboratory of Ton van den Bogert,Ph.D., Section of Biomechanics.13