Scientific Report 2003-2004 - Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research ...
Scientific Report 2003-2004 - Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research ... Scientific Report 2003-2004 - Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research ...
THE DEPARTMENT OFBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGCHAIRMANPeter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D.The Virginia Lois Kennedy ChairSTAFFLeonard A.R. Golding, M.D.Mark D. Grabiner, Ph.D.Linda M. Graham, M.D.Vincent C. Hascall, Ph.D.Raymond J. Kiraly, Ph,.D.*Cahir A. McDevitt, Ph.D.George F. Muschler, M.D.Ivan Vesely, B.E.Sc., Ph.D.ASSOCIATE STAFFSuneel S. Apte, M.B.B.S., D.Phil.Brian L. Davis, Ph.D.Ronald J. Midura, Ph.D.Guang H. Yue, Ph.D.Maciej Zborowski, Ph.D.ASSISTANT STAFFR. Tracy Ballock, M.D.Elizabeth Fisher, Ph.D.Aaron J. Fleischman, Ph.D.Melissa L. Knothe Tate, Ph.D.Véronique Lefebvre, Ph.D.Edward V. Maytin, M.D.Cameron C. McIntyre, Ph.D.Kimerly A. Powell, Ph.D.Shuvo Roy, Ph.D.William A. Smith, D.Eng., P.E.Antonie J. van den Bogert, Ph.D.D. Geoffrey Vince, Ph.D.PROJECT STAFFAnthony Calabro, Ph.D.Fernando Casas, Ph.D.Scott M. Colles, Ph.D.Susan E. D’Andrea, Ph.D.Kathleen A. Derwin, Ph.D.Kiyotaka Fukamachi, M.D., Ph.D.Csaba Fülöp, Ph.D.Mark S. Goodin, M.S.Helen E. Kambic, Ph.D.*Nikolay Kharin, Ph.D.Jingzhi Liu, Ph.D.Judith A. Mack, Ph.D.Scott McLean, Ph.D.Chizu Nakamoto, Ph.D.Yvonne Shao, Ph.D.Raj Shekhar, Ph.D.Wlodzimierz Siemionow, Ph.D.Aimin Wang, Ph.D.P. Stephen Williams, Ph.D.*Active Emeritus Staff12The Department of Biomedical EngineeringScientists, Engineers, and PhysiciansExploring Biology and MedicineAcross Ten Orders of MagnitudeThe discipline of biomedical engineeringseeks to apply engineering principles tosolve biomedical problems. At CCF, thisembodiment of biomedical engineering is evidentthrough active research programs in biologicalmicroelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS), thedesign and utilization of micro-computedtomography (micro-CT) and cardiac assist devices(including a total artificial heart and leftventricular assist systems), and the developmentof software to identify potentially lethalatherosclerotic plaque. Other studies, whichquantify images of the brain in multiple sclerosis,record and model the brain’s electrical activity,measure bone loss during space flight, studypeople with foot disease caused by diabetes, sortcells using quadrupole magnets, and buildmathematical models of athletes with cruciateligament damage, also represent traditional areasof the discipline. Tissue engineering of heartvalves and modeling of fluid flow in bone furtheremphasize the engineering base.However, the distinguishing characteristicsof CCF’s Department of Biomedical Engineering(BME) are its breadth and its links with bothfundamental biology and clinical medicine. BMEresearchers study the use of stem cells andelectrical stimulation for bone healing, identifymolecular mechanisms responsible for skeletaldevelopment and growth plate pathology, performfundamental studies of connective tissue biologyand matrix metalloproteases, study why vasculargrafts are rejected, and probe the molecularbiology of healing wounds in epidermis, kneemeniscus, and bone. Inventions by departmentmembers have been licensed to major medicalcompanies and are in clinical use or trialsworldwide. The focus of interest in the departmentextends over ten orders of magnitude—from structures of a few angstroms to more thana meter in length, from several DNA base pairs tothe entire human being. Most BME researchershave set their sights on at least one disease processthat will be better understood through theirscientific efforts and clinical activities orcollaborations. In addition to serving the researchcommunity, the department’ssuperb workshops, engineeringstaff, and facilities serve as amagnet for clinicians whowish to develop newengineering approaches totreatment. BME’s MedicalDevice Innovations groupcomprises engineers who workwith staff from manyacademic and clinicaldepartments to advancemedical devices from theconceptual stage to themedical marketplace. Morethan 18 patent disclosureswere filed by departmentmembers in 2002.The Department hasdistinguished roots at theCleveland Clinic in the formerDepartment of ArtificialOrgans, established within theDivision of Surgery in 1954and in which the first artificialkidney was developed. Theprior Department ofMusculoskeletal Research wasan outgrowth of a unit withinthe Department of OrthopaedicSurgery. In 1991,Artificial Organs was mergedwith MusculoskeletalResearch to form the newDepartment of BiomedicalPeter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D.The Virginia Lois Kennedy Chair Continued on Page 13
The Department of Biomedical EngineeringContinued from Page 12Engineering. BME is now the largest departmentof the Foundation’s Lerner Research Institute,with more than 250 personnel in 24 separateresearch laboratories and core facilities. In Fall2002, Peter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D., who studiesfoot disease in diabetes and bone loss duringspace flight, joined the Foundation as the newBME chairman. Dr. Cavanagh has active researchprograms funded by the National Institutes ofHealth and NASA, including a current flightexperiment on the International Space Station.Dr. Cavanagh is also Academic Director of theFoundation’s new Diabetic Foot Care Program,which is bringing amultidisciplinary approach to thecare of diabetic patients at risk forfoot disease and amputation.BME is organized into eightareas of intellectual focus:Biomechanics, Biomedical Devices,BioMEMS and Nanotechnology,Cardiovascular Bioengineering,Imaging, Neural Control, OrthopaedicBiology and Bioengineering,and Tissue Engineering and WoundHealing. Several staff memberscontribute to more than one area.The Orthopaedic Research Center, a jointenterprise between BME and the Department ofOrthopaedic Surgery, is also based in thedepartment. In fiscal year 2002, BME’s incomefrom research grants and contracts was $16.5million, with $12.5 million from federal sources;of that total, $8.8 million came from theNational Institutes of Health. Departmentmembers published more than 100 articles in2002 in journals such as Artificial Organs,Biomedical Microdevices, Clinical Orthopaedics,Computers in Medical Imaging, Gait & Posture,Journal of the American Medical Association, Journalof Biological Chemistry, Journal of Cell Science,Nature Cell Biology, New England Journal ofMedicine, and Science. A strong administrativeteam supports grant preparation and managementand editorial activities; BME’s educationalcoordinator works to integrate a range ofprograms that extend from high-school studentresearch projects, to summer Research Experiencefor Undergraduates programs, and conventionalgraduate education. BME graduatestudents come from the Biomedical Engineeringprogram at Case Western Reserve University(CWRU) or the Applied Biomedical Engineeringprogram at Cleveland State University. BMEstaff are actively engaged in educationalprograms at both institutions. Degree programs atthe M.S. and Ph.D. levels in Biomedical Engineeringare also offered to students enrolled inthe new Cleveland Clinic Lerner College ofMedicine of CWRU.The prime focus of several laboratories isin the area of Biomechanics. Brian Davis,Ph.D., studies lower-extremity biomechanics inrelation to forces applied to muscle, nerve, andbone. For amputee, arthritis and stroke patients,he has also developed an instrumented dual-tracktreadmill to permit real-time monitoring, analysisand rehabilitation of a patient’s gait. Work onstudies of 3-D pressure and shear loading on thediabetic foot vs. footwear and on countermeasuresto bone loss in astronauts are complementaryto those of the Cavanagh laboratory. SusanD’Andrea, Ph.D., is developing an instrumentedtreadmill to challenge thepostural control system ofastronauts as a countermeasureto neurovestibularadaptations ofmicrogravity whileproviding exercise tobenefit the musculoskeletalsystem. The work ofAntonie J. van den Bogert,Ph.D., correlates thedisciplines of mechanicalengineering, neuroscience,applied mathematics, andorthopaedics, using computational models of theneuromusculoskeletal system and novel experimentaltechniques in studying injury prevention,rehabilitation, and prosthetics. These methods areused to study prevention strategies againstanterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and toquantify stability using feedback control ofposture and gait. Future applications involveprevention of falls in the elderly, treatment ofmovement disorders, intelligent prostheses,restoration of function after spinal cord injury,and development of biologically inspired robots.Mark D. Grabiner, Ph.D., (part-time BME Staffmember who is now at the University of Illinoisat Chicago) conducts studies related to falls andmobility in the elderly. Other BME staff whosework has a biomechanical emphasis are Drs.Kathleen Derwin, Guang Yue and Melissa KnotheTate (see below).Much of the activity in BiomedicalDevices is concerned with cardiac pumps. Froman NIH-funded Innovative Ventricular AssistSystem (IVAS) program, Leonard A.R. Golding,M.D., has patented CCF’s unique implantablecentrifugal (nonpulsatile) blood pump, the thirdgenerationCorAide TM Ventricular Assist System,which is nonthrombogenic without use ofanticoagulants; in April 2001, Arrow International,Inc., acquired the rights to the technologyto test the device as a bridge to transplant/recovery. Preclinical evaluations and validationsof this device continue at CCF. KiyotakaContinued on Page 14RESEARCH ASSOCIATESTodd C. Doehring, Ph.D.Ahmet Erdemir, Ph.D.Jon D. Klingensmith, Ph.D.Durba Mukhopadhyay, Ph.D.Anuja Nair, Ph.D.Yaling Shi, Ph.D.Patrick Smits, Ph.D.Robert P.T. Somerville, D.Phil.Xiaowei Su, Ph.D.Azita Tajaddini, Ph.D.JOINT STAFFWilliam J. Davros, Ph.D.Brian W. Duncan, M.D.Roy K. Greenberg, M.D.Urs O. Hafeli, Ph.D.Sandra S. Halliburton, Ph.D.David Huang, M.D., Ph.D.Joseph P. Iannotti, M.D., Ph.D.Ulf R. Knothe, M.D., Dr. Med.Patrick M. McCarthy, M.D.Robert F. McLain, Ph.D.Paul A. Murray, Ph.D.Emil P. Paganini, M.D.Stephen I. Reger, Ph.D.James D. Thomas, M.D.Jean A. Tkach, Ph.D.Martin S. Weinhous, M.D.ADJUNCT STAFFPeter M. Anderson, Ph.D.Ananth Annapragada, Ph.D.Ravi V. Bellamkonda, Ph.D.Joan M. Belovich, Ph.D.Jeffrey J. Chalmers, Ph.D.George P. Chatzimavroudis, Ph.D.Bradley D. Clymer, Ph.D.Patrick E. Crago, Ph.D.Alan Freed, Ph.D.Jaikrishnan R. Kadambi, Ph.D.Geoffrey Lockwood, Ph.D.Paul Malchesky, D. Eng.Gerald M. Saidel, Ph.D.Orhan Talu, Ph.D.Central image: Computersimulation of jump landings on anuneven surface.The computational model showshow an ankle sprain injury (front)can be prevented through subtlechanges in landing technique(middle and back). From thelaboratory of Ton van den Bogert,Ph.D., Section of Biomechanics.13
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THE DEPARTMENT OFBIOMEDICALENGINEERINGCHAIRMANPeter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D.The Virginia Lois Kennedy ChairSTAFFLeonard A.R. Golding, M.D.Mark D. Grabiner, Ph.D.Linda M. Graham, M.D.Vincent C. Hascall, Ph.D.Raymond J. Kiraly, Ph,.D.*Cahir A. McDevitt, Ph.D.George F. Muschler, M.D.Ivan Vesely, B.E.Sc., Ph.D.ASSOCIATE STAFFSuneel S. Apte, M.B.B.S., D.Phil.Brian L. Davis, Ph.D.Ronald J. Midura, Ph.D.Guang H. Yue, Ph.D.Maciej Zborowski, Ph.D.ASSISTANT STAFFR. Tracy Ballock, M.D.Elizabeth Fisher, Ph.D.Aaron J. Fleischman, Ph.D.Melissa L. Knothe Tate, Ph.D.Véronique Lefebvre, Ph.D.Edward V. Maytin, M.D.Cameron C. McIntyre, Ph.D.Kimerly A. Powell, Ph.D.Shuvo Roy, Ph.D.William A. Smith, D.Eng., P.E.Antonie J. van den Bogert, Ph.D.D. Geoffrey Vince, Ph.D.PROJECT STAFFAnthony Calabro, Ph.D.Fernando Casas, Ph.D.Scott M. Colles, Ph.D.Susan E. D’Andrea, Ph.D.Kathleen A. Derwin, Ph.D.Kiyotaka Fukamachi, M.D., Ph.D.Csaba Fülöp, Ph.D.Mark S. Goodin, M.S.Helen E. Kambic, Ph.D.*Nikolay Kharin, Ph.D.Jingzhi Liu, Ph.D.Judith A. Mack, Ph.D.Scott McLean, Ph.D.Chizu Nakamoto, Ph.D.Yvonne Shao, Ph.D.Raj Shekhar, Ph.D.Wlodzimierz Siemionow, Ph.D.Aimin Wang, Ph.D.P. Stephen Williams, Ph.D.*Active Emeritus Staff12The Department of Biomedical EngineeringScientists, Engineers, and PhysiciansExploring Biology and MedicineAcross Ten Orders of MagnitudeThe discipline of biomedical engineeringseeks to apply engineering principles tosolve biomedical problems. At CCF, thisembodiment of biomedical engineering is evidentthrough active research programs in biologicalmicroelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS), thedesign and utilization of micro-computedtomography (micro-CT) and cardiac assist devices(including a total artificial heart and leftventricular assist systems), and the developmentof software to identify potentially lethalatherosclerotic plaque. Other studies, whichquantify images of the brain in multiple sclerosis,record and model the brain’s electrical activity,measure bone loss during space flight, studypeople with foot disease caused by diabetes, sortcells using quadrupole magnets, and buildmathematical models of athletes with cruciateligament damage, also represent traditional areasof the discipline. Tissue engineering of heartvalves and modeling of fluid flow in bone furtheremphasize the engineering base.However, the distinguishing characteristicsof CCF’s Department of Biomedical Engineering(BME) are its breadth and its links with bothfundamental biology and clinical medicine. BMEresearchers study the use of stem cells andelectrical stimulation for bone healing, identifymolecular mechanisms responsible for skeletaldevelopment and growth plate pathology, performfundamental studies of connective tissue biologyand matrix metalloproteases, study why vasculargrafts are rejected, and probe the molecularbiology of healing wounds in epidermis, kneemeniscus, and bone. Inventions by departmentmembers have been licensed to major medicalcompanies and are in clinical use or trialsworldwide. The focus of interest in the departmentextends over ten orders of magnitude—from structures of a few angstroms to more thana meter in length, from several DNA base pairs tothe entire human being. Most BME researchershave set their sights on at least one disease processthat will be better understood through theirscientific efforts and clinical activities orcollaborations. In addition to serving the researchcommunity, the department’ssuperb workshops, engineeringstaff, and facilities serve as amagnet for clinicians whowish to develop newengineering approaches totreatment. BME’s MedicalDevice Innovations groupcomprises engineers who workwith staff from manyacademic and clinicaldepartments to advancemedical devices from theconceptual stage to themedical marketplace. Morethan 18 patent disclosureswere filed by departmentmembers in 2002.The Department hasdistinguished roots at the<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> in the formerDepartment of ArtificialOrgans, established within theDivision of Surgery in 1954and in which the first artificialkidney was developed. Theprior Department ofMusculoskeletal <strong>Research</strong> wasan outgrowth of a unit withinthe Department of OrthopaedicSurgery. In 1991,Artificial Organs was mergedwith Musculoskeletal<strong>Research</strong> to form the newDepartment of BiomedicalPeter R. Cavanagh, Ph.D.The Virginia Lois Kennedy Chair Continued on Page 13
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