The Seismic Signal Strength of Chemical Explosions

1518V. I. Khalturin, T. G. Rautian, and P. G. Richards(a)10I, JlK= 7.0+ 1.55 ogY~(b)1110K = 7 . 0 + 1 . 5 5 1 o g Y/v 8(no 7¢7)i-tu 6v9== 7LUoOO oO OC10 1001000 100000i i s ii~lli i i i lit,100 1000Yield (tons)(c)vWYield (tons)K = 7.0 + 1.55 log YO Kotur-Bulak y OO~/~ Tekeli ~ ~ / k ~ A ~fAZ~A0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00Yield (tons)(d)t~cLU12111098765| iK=7.0+l.551ogY/o0040.1 1.0 10.0100.0 1000.0 10000.0(e)Yield (tons)13K= 7.0+ 1,55 log Y12-_ ?v ~ 11- ~"° 10-¢..LM87100iAD1000A• Experiments, undergroumA Dam constructionO Canal construction"~ Experiments, at surfaceYield (tons)10000Figure 3. Details of the K = K(Y) data shown forall our data in Figure 2. (a) Mining blasts in Apatity(Kola Peninsula). Energy class K calculated from Mykkeltveit(1992) data. Seismic efficiency of mining blastsin this region is very low: deficit AK = 3 - 5 (Am =1.4 - 2.3). (b) Mining blasts in Tyrnauz (North Caucasus)quarries. Data from Godzikovskaya (1995).Seismic efficiency has intermediate value: deficit AK= 1.5 - 2.5 (Am = 0.7 - 1.1). (c) Quarry blastsfrom Kotur-Bulak and Tekeli quarries in the North TienShan. Data from Aptikaev (1969). Seismic efficiency ishigh: deficit AK = 0.5 - 1.5 (Am = 0.2 - 0.7). (d)Quarry and dam-construction explosions in the Medeoregion (North Tien Shan, near Almaty). Observationscover a very wide range of yields from 300 kgm to 3900tons. Explosions in the Medeo region are characterizedby the highest efficiency: deficit AK = 0 - 1 (Am =0 - 0.45). (e) Well-documented industrial and experimentalunderground and surface explosions mostlyfrom Central Asia (see Table 2). Average deficit forsurface explosions is AK = 2.5 (Am = 1.1), and forlarge industrial explosions AK = 1 (Am = 0.45).