phenomena in a more precise way.<strong>The</strong> historian is tempted to see the past and history, thehappenings and the personalities through the lenses <strong>of</strong> hiscontemporaneity. It is a great mistake, though, to measure timeusing the values <strong>of</strong> another period. That, for historians, is wellknown and recognized by their longing to be scientists, they tryto project themselves into the reality <strong>of</strong> a certain time, theresearched era, to judge the facts, events and phenomena intheir historical context, detached from their own feelings. <strong>The</strong>seare, who say: whether you like it or not, this is reality.4. Cohabiting. Almost all around the world, frominternational and governmental forums to the smallestcommunities, discussions are conducted about human rights andmostly national, religious, or political rights <strong>of</strong> minorities. Interethnicmisunderstandings and confrontations, the oppression <strong>of</strong>ethnic minorities are the basis <strong>of</strong> armed confrontations, withsevere consequences, thousand <strong>of</strong> dead and wounded people,hundreds exiled from their home, having huge material andspiritual losses, social and national traumas with compleximplications. In spite <strong>of</strong> the fact, that at least in Europe we areChristians, we still don't understand the deepest meaning <strong>of</strong> theLord's commandment: "Love your neighbour as yourself". Thisis also very well expressed in the Rumanian proverb: "What youdon't like, don't do it to the other!"During certain times, cohabiting in Moldavia between theethnical and religious minorities was generally peaceful.Historical confessions from that time mention, only a few localincidents. Even these did not last for a long time. <strong>The</strong> worstwas the destruction and robbing <strong>of</strong> 24 catholic churches - we'llsee that in the following documents. <strong>The</strong>n, in some cases, whencatholics were obliged to convert to orthodoxism or orthodox tocatholicism - in one single instance. So we can say, thatRumanians lived side by side in harmony with minorities, - D.Cantemir is talking about 17 minorities - they fought togetherfor the country, they suffered together from different diseases,wars and foreign invasions - as Mihail Kogalniceanuunderlined.<strong>The</strong> catholics had to suffer more because they hadn't theirown priests and bishops, only itinerant ones and also thesewere small in numbers. For several times they sent their requestto the Holy See, unsuccessfully, asking for priests, who knowtheir language: <strong>Hungarian</strong> and German. In the XVIth and
XVIIth centuries they couldn't come from Transylvania orHungary, because in that time Protestantism was the reigningreligion. Further, we will see in the documents their state <strong>of</strong> lowspirit. Historical reality is also the fact, that many timescatholics from Moldavia were patronized and protected by thereigning prince <strong>of</strong> the country, while difficulties in the catholiccommunities were provoked by the foreign missionaries -Bosnian, Slovenian, Polish, German and Italian - and themisunderstandings between Franciscans and Jesuits.5. Critical attitude. I'm well aware <strong>of</strong> the fact that, afterits publishing, my work will be criticized. I also am conscious<strong>of</strong> its shortcomings, at least in the following areas:I am writing it in the Rumanian language, although I couldrealize a stylistically more precise work in the <strong>Hungarian</strong>. Butmy wish was to <strong>of</strong>fer this work first not to the <strong>Hungarian</strong>s, whoknow <strong>Hungarian</strong> language, but <strong>Hungarian</strong> Csangos fromMoldavia, who know only the Csango dialect and Rumanianlanguage, learnt in school, as I've learnt it as well. <strong>The</strong>refore Iapologize for my stylistic mistakes.<strong>The</strong> reduced dimension <strong>of</strong> the work.For a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the phenomena and events intheir certain complexity, obviously, I should make moredetailed references to the personal circumstances, to thehappenings and habits, to the social states and internationalconnections, political phenomena or the ones belonging tomentality, etc. I renounced to do that for many reasons. Thishistorical procedure has been done by much more competentpeople than I am, by scientists like Maria Holban and PaulCernovodeanu, who led the group, which realized an excellentcollection <strong>of</strong> documents: "Foreign Travellers About theRumanian Countries". I used that collection in my work.<strong>The</strong> authors are referring to the history <strong>of</strong> <strong>Hungarian</strong> Csangosfrom Moldavia, which subject was considered by Nicolae Iorgaas a black hole in the Moldavian history.I considered the fact that large works are not popular withthe majority <strong>of</strong> laic readers, these are for the attention <strong>of</strong>specialists.It would be difficult to collect material funds for editing alarge book, with better quality and maps. A work like this hasto be the cheapest possible, available for the poorest people. Ididn't want to draw financial pr<strong>of</strong>it from it. I just wanted to
- Page 1 and 2: THE TSANGOS OF ROMANIATHE HUNGARIAN
- Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS1. Foreword2. Bernadette P
- Page 5 and 6: Prepublication version for the Inte
- Page 7 and 8: THE HISTORY OF THE CSÁNGÓSIn orde
- Page 9 and 10: heathen Cumanians, had an important
- Page 11 and 12: TWO VOIVODS (VAJDASÁGS) AREESTABLI
- Page 13 and 14: 4. Bogdán voivode of Máramaros 13
- Page 15 and 16: 11 Tatros: one church no priest12 R
- Page 17 and 18: were no Hungarian priests and in 17
- Page 19 and 20: THE ACCOUNTS OF PÁL PÉTER DOMOKOS
- Page 21 and 22: In Pusztina, the people believe tha
- Page 23 and 24: Pátria. Unfortunately only a few c
- Page 25 and 26: Csángós the intellectuals are mis
- Page 27 and 28: ORIGINAL EDITION IN RUMANIAN:HORVÁ
- Page 29: with the Moldavian Rumanians for ov
- Page 33 and 34: At the end we mention the fact that
- Page 35 and 36: ILLUSTRIS REGIS UNGARIAE"To Bela, f
- Page 37 and 38: Original version in Latin: Anton Ke
- Page 39 and 40: 10. Sibiu, 11th of April, 1552Repor
- Page 41 and 42: "Calatori straini", II. Page 160"Th
- Page 43 and 44: saying that they are Roman, keeping
- Page 45 and 46: Original version in Italian: MCSMO,
- Page 47 and 48: churches from that of the Rumanian
- Page 49 and 50: good, Hungarian village, all cathol
- Page 51 and 52: needed. There are 3000 Hungarians i
- Page 53 and 54: liturgy, I've ordered to preach in
- Page 55 and 56: its disappearance."Original version
- Page 57 and 58: Targul Frumos: (maybe Campulung), w
- Page 59 and 60: Bacau: 200 houses, and there are so
- Page 61 and 62: tradition, the prettiest I've ever
- Page 63 and 64: Tratus: church of stone and a chape
- Page 65 and 66: The Apostolic visit of Moldavia 164
- Page 67 and 68: In this town there is another churc
- Page 69 and 70: Solont and it has 70 souls for comm
- Page 71 and 72: should keep more masses per day wit
- Page 73 and 74: Schismatic houses are 350, with 120
- Page 75 and 76: 34 believers.Lucacesti: The church
- Page 77 and 78: He often goes to work in the Tatar
- Page 79 and 80: in the church and with hymn singing
- Page 81 and 82:
there are only 15, with 86 souls14.
- Page 83 and 84:
number and they have a metropolitan
- Page 85 and 86:
9. Gregorius Szorka 10. Ioannes Imr
- Page 87 and 88:
29. Martinus Diak 30. Martinus Sant
- Page 89 and 90:
11. Georgius Bekö 12. Ioannes Csik
- Page 91 and 92:
53. Petrus Drabant 54. Stephanus Bu
- Page 93 and 94:
31.Elias Paskar32.Joannes Sanislo33
- Page 95 and 96:
5. Petrus Bositani 6. Joannes Kadar
- Page 97 and 98:
5.Georgius6. Michael Parkas7.Abraha
- Page 99 and 100:
61. Markus Gezo 62. Martinus Orban6
- Page 101 and 102:
Iasi, is the capital and the Prince
- Page 103 and 104:
Activity in Moldavia,Telling about
- Page 105 and 106:
goods, now all these were squandere
- Page 107 and 108:
to the Bishop Pietro Vidoni Lodi,th
- Page 109 and 110:
The original texts in Hungarian, pu
- Page 111 and 112:
"I visited only two parishes, one i
- Page 113 and 114:
catholics number 421 souls, but the
- Page 115 and 116:
12. Three Polish Jesuits are in Ias
- Page 117 and 118:
Holy Saviour from Transylvania. Mar
- Page 119 and 120:
The Answers of the Franciscan Missi
- Page 121 and 122:
than in Valachian.That's why God an
- Page 123 and 124:
..."8. It is necessary to speak the
- Page 125 and 126:
Text in: A.APF SC Moldavia 2. Fol 2
- Page 127 and 128:
"There are many catholics in Moldav
- Page 129 and 130:
90. February-November, 1696Census o
- Page 131 and 132:
91.Rome, 28th of June, 1697Report o
- Page 133 and 134:
to subjugation, but even so it kept
- Page 135:
20. Ambrosian Library Milano21. Has