(BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali ...

(BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali ... (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali ...

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References [33] Euro Chlor, Chlor-alkali BREF update - Liquid effluents recycling, 2011. [34] Solvay, Information provided during site visits to Solvin chlor-alkali sites in Lillo/Antwerp and Jemeppe (Belgium) on 15-16 December 2010, 2010. [35] Euro Chlor, Maximum levels of nitrogen trichloride in liquid chlorine, 1990. [36] Euro Chlor, Chlor-alkali BREF update - Use of carbon tetrachloride, 2010. [37] Euro Chlor, Chlor-alkali BREF update - "Once-through" brine plants, 2010. [38] O'Brien and White, 'Process Engineering Aspects of Chlorine Cooling and Drying', Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology, Vol. 6, 1995, pp. 70-81. [39] HMSO, Chief Inspector's Guidance to Inspectors - Processes for the Manufacture of, or Which Use or Release Halogens, Mixed Halogen Compounds or Oxohalocompounds, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution, 1993. [40] Euro Chlor, Pressure Storage of Liquid Chlorine, 2002. [41] Euro Chlor, Low Pressure Storage of Liquid Chlorine, 2002. [42] Euro Chlor, Euro Chlor position paper on KCl electrolysis, 2010. [43] Spolchemie, Czech contribution to the review of the chlor-alkali BREF - Potash resources, potassium rock salts and typical composition of potassium chloride, 2010. [44] OxyChem, Caustic Soda Handbook, 1992. [45] Euro Chlor, Recommendations for a Best Available Techniques Reference Support Document - Chlorine Production by the Electrolysis of Brine, 1997. [46] Ullmann's, 'Sodium Hydroxide', Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition, electronic release, 2006. [47] De Dietrich, Sulfuric acid concentration, 2011. [48] ICIS Chemical Business, 'Chlor-alkali market stable', ICIS Chemical Business, Vol. 3-9 January, 2011, p. 22. [49] Euro Chlor, Chlor-alkali BREF update - New and emerging technologies, 2010. [50] Asahi Glass, Recent Progress of Flemion Membrane, 1999. [51] Bulan, 'CO2 Reduction during the Production of Basic Chemicals', klimazwei - Research for Climate Protection and Protection from Climate Impacts, 2007, Berlin. [52] Moussallem et al., 'Chlor-alkali electrolysis with oxygen depolarized cathodes: history, present status and future prospects', Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 38, No 9, 2008, pp. 1177-1194. [53] Bulan et al., 'CO2-Reduktion bei der Herstellung chemischer Grundstoffe – Einsatz von Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden bei der Chlorherstellung', Klimaschutz und Anpassung an die Klimafolgen - Strategien, Maßnahmen und Anwendungsbeispiele, 2009, pp. 61-68. [54] Euro Chlor, Chlor-alkali BREF update - Chlorine drying, 2010. [55] Euro Chlor, Mercury emissions per site (2010), 2011. [56] Euro Chlor, The Chlorine Reference Manual, 2008. [57] EIPPCB, Analysis of questionnaires provided by chlor-alkali installations in EU-27 and EFTA countries in 2010 during the first review of the BREF, 2011. WORKING DRAFT IN PROGRESS [58] Euro Chlor, Information on collected specific energy consumption data according to the technique used, 2010. [59] Euro Chlor, Chlor-alkali BREF update - Treatment of solid mercury containing materials, 2010. [60] Chemical Week, 'Product focus - Chlor-alkali', Chemical Week, May 18/25, 2009, p. 36. [61] DG ENV, Report of undertakings on consumption and emissions of controlled substances as process agents under regulation EC/1005/2009, 2009. [62] UNECE, Guidelines for the control of emissions from the inorganic chemical industry, 1985. 302 December 2011 TB/EIPPCB/CAK_Draft_1

References [63] Euro Chlor, Euro Chlor position on energy consumption in chlor-alkali production, 2010. [64] IEA, Energy Technology Transitions for Industry - Strategies for the Next Industrial Revolution, 2009. [65] Millet, 'Cellules d'électrolyse chlore-soude', Techniques de l'Ingénieur, 2008. [66] Ullmann's, 'Sodium chloride', Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition, electronic release, 2010. [67] Euro Chlor, Determination of chlorine in workplace air, 2010. [68] AkzoNobel, Note on the request for modification of the integrated environmental permit of the chlor-alkali plant in Delfzijl due to unforeseen emissions of chlorine dioxide (Memorandum: Verzoek wijziging vergunning ivm onvoorziene emissie chloordioxide MEB Delfzijl), 2007. [69] Regierungspräsidium Dessau, Permit for the chlor-alkali plant in Bitterfeld, 1999. [70] COM, Reference Document on the General Principles of Monitoring (MON REF), 2003. [71] UK Environment Agency, UK contribution to the review of the chlor-alkali BREF - Solution mined brine use and treatment, 2009. [72] Nishio, 'Effect of brine impurities on cell voltage', 8th International Chlorine Technology Conference and Exhibition, 2011, Budapest (Hungary). [73] Debelle, 'Euro Chlor 10 years sustainability programme results', 8th International Chlorine Technology Conference and Exhibition, 2011, Budapest (Hungary). [74] Directive 2008/105/EC, 'Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council', L 348, 24.12.2008, 2008, p. 84. [75] COM, Reference document on Best Available Techniques in the Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing Industry (CAK BREF), 2001. [76] Regulation EC/1272/2008, 'Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006', OJ L 353, 31.12.2008, 2008, p. 1. [77] Directive 2010/75/EU, 'Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)', OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, 2010, p. 17. [78] Regulation EC/1005/2009, 'Regulation EC/1005/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer', OJ L 286, 31.10.2009, 2009, p. 1. [79] Directive 87/217/EEC, 'Directive 87/217/EEC of the Council of 19 March 1987 on the prevention and reduction of environmental pollution by asbestos', OJ L 85, 28.03.1987, 1987, p. 40. [80] Engel, 'Managing safety issues in the chlor-alkali industry', 8th International Chlorine Technology Conference and Exhibition, 2011, Budapest (Hungary). WORKING DRAFT IN PROGRESS [81] eMARS, electronic Major Accident Reporting System , 2011. [82] Euro Chlor, Annual report to the European Commission on mercury stored in mercury cell chlor-alkali plants in EU-27 countries on 31 December 2010, 2011. [83] Euro Chlor, Mercury electrolysis technology - Hg emissions reported to production capacity, 2010. [84] Euro Chlor, Mercury emissions from Western European chlor-alkali plants for the period 1977-1998 as reported to OSPAR, 2000. [85] Euro Chlor, Mercury emissions from Western European chlor-alkali plants for the year 2009 as reported to OSPAR, 2011. TB/EIPPCB/CAK_Draft_1 December 2011 303

<strong>Reference</strong>s<br />

[33] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF update - Liquid effluents recycling, 2011.<br />

[34] Solvay, In<strong>for</strong>mation provided during site visits to Solvin chlor-<strong>alkali</strong> sites in Lillo/Antwerp<br />

and Jemeppe (Belgium) on 15-16 December 2010, 2010.<br />

[35] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, Maximum levels <strong>of</strong> nitrogen trichloride in liquid chlorine, 1990.<br />

[36] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF update - Use <strong>of</strong> carbon tetrachloride, 2010.<br />

[37] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF update - "Once-through" brine plants, 2010.<br />

[38] O'Brien and White, 'Process Engineering Aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>Chlor</strong>ine Cooling and Drying', Modern<br />

<strong>Chlor</strong>-Alkali Technology, Vol. 6, 1995, pp. 70-81.<br />

[39] HMSO, Chief Inspector's Guidance to Inspectors - Processes <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Manufacture <strong>of</strong>, or<br />

Which Use or Release Halogens, Mixed Halogen Compounds or Oxohalocompounds, Her<br />

Majesty's Inspectorate <strong>of</strong> Pollution, 1993.<br />

[40] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, Pressure Storage <strong>of</strong> Liquid <strong>Chlor</strong>ine, 2002.<br />

[41] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, Low Pressure Storage <strong>of</strong> Liquid <strong>Chlor</strong>ine, 2002.<br />

[42] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, Euro <strong>Chlor</strong> position paper on KCl electrolysis, 2010.<br />

[43] Spolchemie, Czech contribution to <strong>the</strong> review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chlor-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF - Potash resources,<br />

potassium rock salts and typical composition <strong>of</strong> potassium chloride, 2010.<br />

[44] OxyChem, Caustic Soda Handbook, 1992.<br />

[45] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, Recommendations <strong>for</strong> a Best Available Techniques <strong>Reference</strong> Support<br />

<strong>Document</strong> - <strong>Chlor</strong>ine <strong>Production</strong> by <strong>the</strong> Electrolysis <strong>of</strong> Brine, 1997.<br />

[46] Ullmann's, 'Sodium Hydroxide', Ullmann's Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Industrial Chemistry, 7th<br />

edition, electronic release, 2006.<br />

[47] De Dietrich, Sulfuric acid concentration, 2011.<br />

[48] ICIS Chemical Business, '<strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> market stable', ICIS Chemical Business, Vol. 3-9<br />

January, 2011, p. 22.<br />

[49] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF update - New and emerging technologies, 2010.<br />

[50] Asahi Glass, Recent Progress <strong>of</strong> Flemion Membrane, 1999.<br />

[51] Bulan, 'CO2 Reduction during <strong>the</strong> <strong>Production</strong> <strong>of</strong> Basic Chemicals', klimazwei - Research<br />

<strong>for</strong> Climate Protection and Protection from Climate Impacts, 2007, Berlin.<br />

[52] Moussallem et al., '<strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> electrolysis with oxygen depolarized cathodes: history,<br />

present status and future prospects', Journal <strong>of</strong> Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 38, No 9,<br />

2008, pp. 1177-1194.<br />

[53] Bulan et al., 'CO2-Reduktion bei der Herstellung chemischer Grundst<strong>of</strong>fe – Einsatz von<br />

Sauerst<strong>of</strong>fverzehrkathoden bei der <strong>Chlor</strong>herstellung', Klimaschutz und Anpassung an die<br />

Klimafolgen - Strategien, Maßnahmen und Anwendungsbeispiele, 2009, pp. 61-68.<br />

[54] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF update - <strong>Chlor</strong>ine drying, 2010.<br />

[55] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, Mercury emissions per site (2010), 2011.<br />

[56] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, The <strong>Chlor</strong>ine <strong>Reference</strong> Manual, 2008.<br />

[57] EIPPCB, Analysis <strong>of</strong> questionnaires provided by chlor-<strong>alkali</strong> installations in EU-27 and<br />

EFTA countries in 2010 during <strong>the</strong> first review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> BREF, 2011.<br />

WORKING DRAFT IN PROGRESS<br />

[58] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, In<strong>for</strong>mation on collected specific energy consumption data according to <strong>the</strong><br />

technique used, 2010.<br />

[59] Euro <strong>Chlor</strong>, <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong> BREF update - Treatment <strong>of</strong> solid mercury containing materials,<br />

2010.<br />

[60] Chemical Week, 'Product focus - <strong>Chlor</strong>-<strong>alkali</strong>', Chemical Week, May 18/25, 2009, p. 36.<br />

[61] DG ENV, Report <strong>of</strong> undertakings on consumption and emissions <strong>of</strong> controlled substances<br />

as process agents under regulation EC/1005/2009, 2009.<br />

[62] UNECE, Guidelines <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> control <strong>of</strong> emissions from <strong>the</strong> inorganic chemical industry,<br />

1985.<br />

302 December 2011 TB/EIPPCB/CAK_Draft_1

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