(BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali ...
(BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali ...
(BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali ...
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Chapter 4<br />
chlorine scrubber, immediately after <strong>the</strong> cooler. A check valve prevents backflow. The pump is<br />
indirectly controlled by <strong>the</strong> signal from <strong>the</strong> chlorine analyser, resulting in a pulse dose. A<br />
continuous dosage is not possible because <strong>the</strong> chlorine dioxide concentration is not constant and<br />
<strong>the</strong> hydrogen peroxide concentration in <strong>the</strong> bleach needs to be as low as possible to increase <strong>the</strong><br />
lifetime <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cooler and to maintain <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> produced bleach [ 68, AkzoNobel<br />
2007 ], [ 185, Infomil 2011 ].<br />
Achieved environmental benefits<br />
The achieved environmental benefit <strong>of</strong> this technique is a reduction <strong>of</strong> chlorine dioxide<br />
emissions to air.<br />
Environmental per<strong>for</strong>mance and operational data<br />
At <strong>the</strong> AkzoNobel plant in Delfzijl (Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands), hydrogen peroxide is added to <strong>the</strong> chlorine<br />
destruction unit. This reduces <strong>the</strong> chlorine dioxide concentration from 9 – 22 mg/m 3 in untreated<br />
vent gas (corresponding to loads <strong>of</strong> 2.3 – 5.5 g/h and emission factors <strong>of</strong> 0.18 – 0.44 g/t annual<br />
chlorine capacity) to less than 0.4 mg/m 3 (corresponding to loads <strong>of</strong> 0.1 g/h and emission factors<br />
<strong>of</strong> 8 mg/t annual chlorine capacity) at a flow rate <strong>of</strong> approximately 250 m 3 /h [ 68, AkzoNobel<br />
2007 ], [ 185, Infomil 2011 ].<br />
{Please TWG provide more in<strong>for</strong>mation.}<br />
Cross-media effects<br />
Some raw materials and energy are consumed <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> installation and operation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scrubber<br />
or dosing equipment. In particular, <strong>the</strong> technique requires hydrogen peroxide that, depending on<br />
<strong>the</strong> concentration, can be oxidising and irritant/corrosive. The estimated consumption <strong>of</strong><br />
35 wt-% H2O2 at <strong>the</strong> AkzoNobel plant in Delfzijl (Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands) is approximately 2 m 3 per<br />
month. In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> a separate scrubber, waste in <strong>the</strong> <strong>for</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a chlorite/chlorate containing<br />
hydrogen peroxide solution is generated [ 68, AkzoNobel 2007 ], [ 185, Infomil 2011 ].<br />
Technical considerations relevant to applicability<br />
Generally, <strong>the</strong>re are no technical restrictions to <strong>the</strong> applicability <strong>of</strong> this technique. The peroxide<br />
dosing equipment has <strong>the</strong> advantage that only a small modification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> system is needed<br />
compared to a separate scrubber [ 68, AkzoNobel 2007 ], [ 185, Infomil 2011 ].<br />
Economics<br />
The installation <strong>of</strong> peroxide dosing equipment requires lower investment costs than a separate<br />
scrubber [ 68, AkzoNobel 2007 ], [ 185, Infomil 2011 ].<br />
{Please TWG provide more in<strong>for</strong>mation.}<br />
Driving <strong>for</strong>ce <strong>for</strong> implementation<br />
The driving <strong>for</strong>ce <strong>for</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong> this technique is environmental legislation.<br />
Example plants<br />
AkzoNobel in Delfzijl (Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands), chlorine capacity 109 kt/yr;<br />
AkzoNobel in Ibbenbüren (Germany), chlorine capacity 125 kt/yr;<br />
AkzoNobel in Rotterdam-Botlek (Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands), chlorine capacity 633 kt/yr.<br />
WORKING DRAFT IN PROGRESS<br />
<strong>Reference</strong> literature<br />
[ 34, Solvay 2010 ], [ 68, AkzoNobel 2007 ], [ 185, Infomil 2011 ], [ 191, Lassche 2011 ], [ 193,<br />
Jia et al. 2000 ], [ 194, Gordon and Tachiyashiki 1991 ]<br />
TB/EIPPCB/CAK_Draft_1 December 2011 227