chapter 4 - DRK

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Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)After the earthquake in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India in 1993, twoIndian NGOs with long experience in working with grass-roots associations organizedmeetings for affected communities in the two most-impacted districts to sharetheir loss, grieve and also share their experiences of how they had saved many people.This was the first time that women were included in such meetings. It also allowedthem to discuss what they needed and how they could become involved in rebuilding.A local NGO working with the 20,000 households displaced by a mud volcano disasterin Sidoarjo, Indonesia in 2006, noted: “Perhaps the most important support fromexternal donors could have been on-the-ground, long-term support for those affectedto develop their capacities, to agree on and put forward their solutions and then implementthem. It seems that changes in donor structures and staff have actually movedmany donors further away from such an approach.”Box 3.1 describes the experiences of the Philippines Homeless People’s Federation incommunity-driven responses to five disasters between 2000 and 2008. The federationis a national network of 161 urban poor community associations and savings groupswith more than 70,000 individual members from 18 cities and 15 municipalities.Members promote community savings in order to build their own financial capacitiesand to promote community development and social cohesion.Box 3.1 The Philippines Homeless People’s Federation’s rolein community-driven disaster responseThe Philippines’ location within the circum-Pacific seismic belt means that the country isregularly affected by earthquakes, volcaniceruptions, typhoons, storm surges, landslides,floods and droughts. The link between vulnerability,and disaster and poverty is strong –many low-income groups live in high-risk sitesand have poor-quality housing. They also haveless protective infrastructure and fewer resourcesto call on after being impacted by disasters.The Philippines Homeless People’sFederation (HPF) is a national network of urbanpoor community associations and savingsgroups that are engaged in many initiativesto secure land tenure, build or improve homesand increase economic opportunity, workingwherever possible in partnership with localgovernments. The five disasters listed in thetable below encouraged the HPF to developits own policies and practices first for disasterresponse, and later for disaster risk reduction.The HPF was already active in Payataswhen the trash slide happened and had beenimplementing a mix of community-based developmentprogrammes (savings and loanschemes, secure tenure initiatives) and welfareprogrammes (for the elderly, health, childcareand rehabilitation of children with disabilities)with support from the Vincentian MissionariesSocial Development Foundation Inc. However,it recognized its lack of knowledge and skillsin how to address disasters.The HPF’s response to these disasters wasto work with the survivors, helping them toorganize and to influence reconstruction. Forinstance, in Barangay Guinsaugon, after thelandslide, they worked with survivors, helpingthem to organize (including a survey covering56
Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)all those in the evacuation centre), supportingthem in developing savings schemes, organizingexchange visits to see other communitybasedhousing schemes and organizing theconstruction of 103 temporary housing unitswithin four months of the disaster. The HPF’simmediate response to the Mount Mayor mudflowand floods was the dispatch of a teamto establish links with all the affected communitiesand to help them set up communityorganizations. It also supported surveys, organizedexchanges and promoted savings.These efforts focused on three municipalitieswhere there were several communities on particularlydangerous sites, supportive local governmentsand communities interested in theHPF and an absence of sustained relief fromaid agencies. Surveys were organized thatincluded families in high-risk areas that hadnot been affected by the mudslide and familiesliving in homes at risk of eviction alongthe railway tracks. The organized communitieswere able to select and acquire resettlementsites. The importance of this experience“is the pervading belief and commitment ofaffected families and communities to act andsave to recover and to prepare for and evadefuture disasters. The communities showed thisthrough their volunteering efforts and adoptionof the savings programme, collectivelysaving close to P500,000 [US$ 11,000] inless than a year. Their willingness to providecounterparts in terms of volunteer work andsavings prompted the federation to supporttheir land acquisition initiatives,” said JocelynCantoria, HPF’s regional coordinator. The disasters Year DetailsTrash slides at the Payatas solid waste dumpin Quezon City (metro Manila)2000 Heavy rains from typhoons caused a 15-metre (50ft) slope in thedump to collapse, burying hundreds of homes; 288 people werekilled and several hundred families displaced. Subsequent flashfloods affected the homes and livelihoods of many more people.Landslide in Barangay Guinsaugon 2006 The whole barangay (district) was buried and another 80 barangaysaffected. A total of 154 deaths were recorded, 968 people reportedmissing, 3,742 displaced and 18,862 affected.Mount Mayor mudflow and floods 2006 Typhoons triggered huge floods, mudslides and avalanches. Inthe Bicol region alone, at least 208 people died and another261 were reported missing. These settlements were recoveringfrom a previous typhoon.Fire in the settlement of the lower Tipolo 2007 246 structures were destroyed leaving 913 people homeless.Homeowners Association in MandaueFlash flood in Iloilo 2008 In the city of Iloilo, 152 of its 180 barangays were affected byheavy rain and flooding. Up to 500 people were killed, 261,335affected. Many houses were washed away and many householdslost their documentation.The work of the Philippines HPF in responding to disasters identified some constraintson community-driven responses that are common in most urban areas. These include:The difficulties faced by the affected population to produce documents requiredby the government because these were either lost or destroyed by the disasterThe common response of those affected to wait for others, especially governmentagencies, to do things and not to take the lead themselvesWorld Disasters Report 2010 – Focus on urban risk57
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214INDEXStrictly under embargo unti
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The International Federationof Red
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