chapter 4 - DRK

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Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)This informallybuilt settlement inKaradolap, Istanbul, isslated to be bulldozedand replaced withformally built houses.In part, the reasonfor this is an effort toreduce earthquakerisk, but this willdisplace long-timeresidents of the area,as most of them willnot be able to affordto purchase the newhouses in this area.© Cassidy Johnsonfrom disasters. This is partly because urbanization is happening at such a fast rate thatgovernments are not able to keep pace in managing disaster risk. Floods, earthquakesand the impacts of climate change are likely to cause more deaths and damages inrapidly growing cities with high exposure to natural and public health hazards. Industrialgrowth will bring with it more technological hazards. However, once urban areasbecome more consolidated, and likely more wealthy, it will be possible for governmentsto implement risk reduction measures to protect people. This is assuming thatgovernments will want to act in good faith and in a way that is accountable to all urbanresidents, wealthy and poor.The availability of information on urban disasters is still quite poor. At present, it is notpossible to understand the number of urban disasters, the extent of disaster impacts onurban areas or how trends in urban disasters differentiate between global regions. Theproblem of climate change and how it will affect cities shows some promise for betterregional data on urban risk. However, the profile of hazards that are studied underclimate change are limited and do not include the full range that would encompass adisaster’s perspective.48
Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)The focus on assets, especially higher-level indicators like economic or insured losses,as a major factor in determining disaster risk is providing a deceptive view of how disastersare actually impacting on people, especially poor households in cities. If we areto look at risk at the household level and affecting the urban poor, the types of eventsthat would seriously impact on people’s lives and their ability to recover such as assetslost, days of work and school missed, increased expenditure on food and prevalence ofsickness, we would get a different risk picture with poor urban dwellers at highest risk.More detailed understanding of urban risks is needed at two levels. First of all, at thescale of the individual city, where more data are needed such as that provided by theMANDISA database. Second, a disaggregated view of risk should also be pursued atthe urban district level as per the DesInventar model, to improve analysis of small,everyday disasters in order to better understand more subtle but important variationsin risk which, in turn, will enable more appropriate disaster risk reduction measuresto be put in place around often ‘unseen’ or unrecorded events. This can be invaluablefor urban programming and provide a full perspective on the extent of hazardsfaced by the urban poor or those living in informal settlements. Third, more precisereporting is needed at the national and international levels to understand how largescaledisasters impact on urban areas. For example, more precise information in theCRED database about the location of the event, including which urban areas theevent impacted.Chapter 2 was written by Cassidy Johnson, Development Planning Unit, Bartlett Schoolof the Built Environment, University College London with contributions from David Satterthwaite,Senior Fellow, International Institute for the Environment and Development,London, and Mark Pelling, Reader in Human Geography, King’s College London. She alsowrote Box 2.3. Box 2.1 was written by I. Sanogo and N. Ifeanyi, World Food ProgrammeFood Security Analysis Service, Rome. Box 2.2 was written by David Satterthwaite.World Disasters Report 2010 – Focus on urban risk49
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The International Federationof Red
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