chapter 4 - DRK

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Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)194ANNEX 2asystem they can respond to, many can afford to make the improvements using theirown resources without the need to use loan finance.Essential 3Hazard identification and risk assessment at the provincial levelOntario, Canada(From UNISDR, Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction – Good practices andlessons learned, Geneva, April 2010.)Ontario passed its provincial Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act in2003. The act required all provincial ministries and municipal governments to identifyand rank all known and suspected emerging hazards and risks to community safety. Thisincluded carrying out a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) process toassess risk, identify vulnerabilities and plan for comprehensive disaster risk reduction.The Ontario provincial government tasked Emergency Management Ontario with theimplementation of the province-wide HIRA report and methodology, on which theministry and municipal assessments would be based.Emergency Management Ontario produced an initial HIRA in 2003 which identified37 main risks for the province. All provincial government ministries are now workingon assessments based on this. A specialist officer in Emergency Management Ontariois currently reviewing the 37 hazards, identifying emerging hazards and developing amethodology to make the HIRA process even more effective and accurate. EmergencyManagement Ontario continues to provide comprehensive guidelines and technicalsupport for this risk assessment process.As a result, the provincial HIRA has improved the Ontario government’s ability toanticipate and mitigate the potential effects of hazards, throughout all ministry sectors.It is already helping to guide the creation of effective exercises, public awareness campaignsand training programmes focused on the most likely and dangerous hazards.This will improve disaster prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery.Essential 4A city government in a highly vulnerable flood-prone areadevelops a climate change plan with comprehensive disastermanagement measuresPune, India(From UNISDR, Adaptation to climate change by reducing disaster risks: country practicesand lessons, Briefing Note 2, Geneva, November 2009.)The city of Pune in Maharashtra State, India, has a population of nearly 5 millionpeople and is located at the confluence of the Mutha, Mula and Pavana rivers. It hasbeen affected by several severe floods over the last six decades, the most significant of
Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)which was the 1961 flood that involved a major dam failure. Anticipating an increasedfrequency of floods due to climate change, a number of programmes have been putin place to build capacity, assess hazards and vulnerability, construct dams, dykes andseawalls, establish early warning systems, as well as projects concerning land-use planning,environmental protection and community education and resilience.A systematic city-wide plan of practical action to reduce flooding was implemented. Afirst step was to assess the flood risks by analysing hourly rainfall intensity and examiningthe likely changes in impacts in low-lying areas and places where natural drainage wasblocked by the construction of houses or by roads without adequate bridges. A detailedcity drainage map was developed. The plan introduced structural and planning measuresfor restoring natural drainage, widening streams, extending bridges and applying naturalsoil infiltration methodologies. Watershed conservation techniques, such as afforestationand building small earthen check dams, were undertaken in the hill zone. Property taxincentives were provided to encourage households to recycle wastewater or use rainwaterharvesting by storing run-off from their roofs for domestic use. These efforts were complementedby improvements in flood monitoring and warning systems and social protectionfor affected families. The initiative was driven jointly by the elected municipalgovernment, the municipal commissioner and Alert (active citizen groups), and involvesmany different city departments. It demonstrates that local governments can prepare forclimate change by reducing and managing the local factors that lead to disasters.Essential 5Making all healthcare facilities saferCayman Islands(From UNISDR, 2008–2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign – Hospitals Safe fromDisasters, Geneva, January 2008.)The Cayman Islands, which is made up of three islands, has experienced the largestnumber of hurricane strikes in the Atlantic basin. In September 2004, the biggestisland, Grand Cayman, was hit by Hurricane Ivan, the islands’ worst hurricanein 86 years. Ivan destroyed or damaged 90 per cent of buildings. Power, water andcommunications were disrupted for months in some areas. But the island began amajor rebuilding process, including in the health sector.The Cayman Islands adopted a National Strategic Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.Within this framework, the Health Services Authority, as the islands’ primaryprovider of healthcare, implemented several activities to make all its facilities safer.These activities address structural, non-structural, functional and workforce issues.For instance, at the structural level, the 124-bed Cayman Islands Hospital (the territory’sprincipal healthcare facility) was built to Category 5 hurricane standards. Olderfacilities were upgraded to new local and international building codes and protocolsfor healthcare facilities, and seismic risk reduction elements were introduced in theWorld Disasters Report 2010 – Disaster data195
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