chapter 4 - DRK

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Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)According to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), 351natural disasters and 225 technological disasters were reported worldwide in 2009.These two figures are both the lowest of the decade, in relation to casualties (naturaldisasters: 10,551; technological disasters: 6,707) and to the number of persons affected(natural disasters: 142 million; technological disasters: 33,000).The deadliest disaster in 2009 was an earthquake in southern Sumatra (Indonesia),which resulted in 1,117 deaths, a figure far below the major catastrophes of the decade,such as the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 (226,408 deaths), Cyclone Nargisin Myanmar in 2008 (138,366 deaths) or the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China(87,476 deaths). Nevertheless, the Sumatra earthquake appears in 36th place in a rankingof disasters based on the number of persons killed. The technological disaster thatresulted in the highest number of deaths was the shipwreck of the ferry Teratai Primain Indonesia, with 247 people considered dead or missing.The disaster that resulted in the largest number of affected persons (almost 40 millionpeople affected) in 2009 was a flood in July in China. Droughts in north-eastern andeastern Africa (Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Somalia, Uganda, Djibouti, Burundi) affectedalmost 20 million people. Typhoon Morakot affected more than 13 million people inChina, Taiwan and the Philippines in August, and a local storm affected 10 millionpeople in China in November. In May, Cyclone Aila affected 9 million people in Indiaand Bangladesh, and in September, Tropical Storm Ondoy (or Ketsana) affected nearly8 million people in the Philippines, Viet Nam, Lao People’s Democratic Republic andCambodia. Twelve other major natural disasters affected between 1 and 6 million peopleeach; nine of these events occurred in Asia, two in the Americas and one in Africa.All of these major disasters accounted for 90 per cent of the total number of peopleaffected by natural disasters. By comparison, technological disasters affect few people.An explosion in an ammunitions camp in Tanzania in April was the technological disasterthat affected the most people (19,366) in 2009.Natural disaster costs (US$ 41.5 billion) were the third lowest of the decade – after thelowest values of 2001 (US$ 35.5 billion) and 2006 (US$ 36.3 billion) – and representless than one-fifth of the record of 2005, when Hurricane Katrina caused damagesamounting to almost US$ 137 billion.In 2009, the costliest disaster was winter storm Klaus, which caused damages totallingUS$ 5.1 billion in France and Spain. Damages from the Aquila earthquake in Italy costUS$ 2.5 billion. Three tornadoes in the United States cost a total of US$ 6.2 billion;the earthquake in southern Sumatra caused damages amounting to US$ 2.2 billionand a flood in India in September also cost US$ 2.2 billion. Eleven other disasters160ANNEX 1Disaster data
Strictly under embargo until Wednesday 22 September at 00:01 GMT (02:01 Geneva time)(eight windstorms, one flood, one wild fire and one extreme temperature) cost morethan US$ 1 billion. These disasters accounted for 73 per cent of the total reporteddamages. By comparison, the most costly technological disaster was an explosion inan oil storage facility, which led to damages for a total amount of US$ 6.4 million inPuerto Rico.EM-DAT: A specialized disaster databaseTables 1–13 on natural and technological disasters and their human impact over thelast decade were drawn from CRED’s EM-DAT. Established in 1973 as a non-profitinstitution, CRED is based at the School of Public Health of the Catholic Universityof Louvain in Belgium and became a World Health Organization collaborating centrein 1980. Although CRED’s main focus is on public health, the centre also studies thesocio-economic and long-term effects of large-scale disasters.Since 1988, with the sponsorship of the United States Agency for International Development’sOffice of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), CRED has maintained EM-DAT, a worldwide database on disasters. It contains essential core data on the occurrenceand effects of more than 17,000 disasters in the world from 1900 to the present.The database is compiled from various sources, including United Nations (UN) agencies,non-governmental organizations, insurance companies, research institutes andpress agencies.ANNEX 1Priority is given to data from UN agencies, followed by OFDA, governments and theInternational Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. This prioritizationis not a reflection of the quality or value of the data but the recognition that mostreporting sources do not cover all disasters or may have political limitations that couldaffect the figures. The entries are constantly reviewed for redundancies, inconsistenciesand the completion of missing data. CRED consolidates and updates data on a dailybasis. A further check is made at monthly intervals. Revisions are made annually atthe end of the calendar year. The database’s main objectives are to assist humanitarianaction at both national and international levels; to rationalize decision-making for disasterpreparedness; and to provide an objective basis for vulnerability assessment andpriority setting.Data definitions and methodologyCRED defines a disaster as “a situation or event, which overwhelms local capacity,necessitating a request to national or international level for external assistance (definitionconsidered in EM-DAT); an unforeseen and often sudden event that causes greatdamage, destruction and human suffering”. For a disaster to be entered into the database,at least one of the following criteria must be fulfilled:Ten or more people reported killed100 people or more reported affectedWorld Disasters Report 2010 – Disaster data161
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The International Federationof Red
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