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© Military Pharmacy and Medicine • 2012 • 4 • 122 – 122later traveled to the USA, revealed that he hadconducted research on microorganisms designedto confuse victim’s immunological system andlead to central nervous system auto-destruction.He took advantage of the mechanism of multiplesclerosis development, which is one of the mostdangerous disorders of central nervous system.It is an autoimmunological disease. Instead ofdestroying only foreign pathogens, immunologicalsystem causes destruction of myelin, whichis an important component of nervous sheathsfacilitating proper functioning of nerves.Is it likely that terrorists could blackmail theworld with such pathogens? Experts from “BritishMedical Journal” persuade that biologicalweapons, similar to chemical weapons, are primarilyinstruments of inducing fear.A new stage of bioterrorism expansion was initiatedat the end of September 2001. Terrorists beganto distribute anthrax bacilli in the USA (Florida,New Jersey) via mail. On the 12th of October,anthrax struck New York. Attacks were directedat people representing the media (employees ofNCB, AMI, “The Sun,” “New York Times”) andthe government (offices of United States senators).Thirty-six anthrax infections, including one fatalcase, were noted until the 23rd of October 2001.Despite difficulties associated with use of biologicalweapons as weapons of mass destruction,it evoked panic among American community aswell as in Europe. United States government evenconsidered early weaving of patent rights of BayerCo. – the only producer of ciprofloxacin, an antibioticeffective against anthrax.Not even the most absurd threat should beignored nowadays. Bioterrorism grows. TheReview articlereasons should be traced to the fact that biologicalweapons are easy to apply and transport.Their low cost can also be encouraging, as mentionedby professor Wieslaw Magdzik from theNational Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, whowarned against it as far back as may 2001.Experiences from previous terrorist attacksnoted by the Monterey Institute of InternationalStudies show that incompetent authorities, disorganizationof rescue services, panic and poorlevel of social education are greatest allies of theattackers. To some degree, it is the price we payfor contemporary civilization. In case of ecologicaldisaster, we usually know what substances weare dealing with.A terrorist attack involves a series of unknowns.Rapid identification of the resources used by theaggressor is crucial to achieving success. Currently,hospitals introduce an electronic diseaseregistration system equipped with special software.Its job is to identify anomalies (e.g. excessivenumber of infections with particular bacteriaor viruses in a given time). A single case ofanthrax infection might not arise the vigilance ofhospital staff. However, if it appears that similarinformation flows from several hospitals, the systemwill alert the crisis management center.Words suggesting the use of various bacteria,often implying alleged possession, are most dangerousin the context of this atmosphere. Liketoxins, they invade the sense of security in alldimensions. Terrorists’ goals are often directednot so much at large numbers of casualties, but atgaining publicity and transmitting their messagethrough the media, which may bring fatal consequencesin an era of information society.References:1. B. Balcerowicz, Obronność RP a dialektyka wojnyi pokoju na progu XXI wieku, cz.I, AON,Warszawa, 2000.2. Mały oxfordzki słownik historii świata w XXw.,Puls, Londyn 1992; Raport (No 2000/02. Chemical,Biologica], Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)Terrorism, publikacja: Comadian Security IntelligenceService (dost. on-line: www.fas.org).3. Strach przed bioterroryzmem, "Newsweek Polska",nr 7, s. 151-154.4. Z. Henisz, Biobomby, „Polityka", nr 46 z 17 listopada2001, s. 85.5. TERRORYZM – ZAGROŻENIE GLOBALNE ILOKALNE, Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego,www.bbn.gov.pl.122 http://military.isl-journals.com
© Military Pharmacy and Medicine • 2012 • 4 • 123 – 126 Review articleEmergency MedicineAnti-drown ring – a patented drowning protection device(patent no. 197623)Jerzy MierzejewskiEmeritus Professor at the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pulawy, Poland. Professor atKazimierz Pułaski Technical University of Radom, Faculty of Materials Science, Technology and Design, Chairof Chemistry, Radom, PolandAuthor’s address:Jerzy Mierzejewski, Kazimierz Pułaski Technical University of Radom, Faculty of Materials Science, Technologyand Design, Chair of Chemistry, ul. Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland; phone: (+48) 608286044,e–mail: mierjer@poczta.onet.plReceived: 2012.09.28 • Accepted: 2012.11.22 • Published: 2012.12.08Summary:The anti-drown ring is a device that does not restrict the user’s movements and, when activated, bringsthe critical drowning hazard situation under control and allows the user to safely remain in water.The anti-drown ring, being an inexpensive drowning protection device, should be universally availablefor water lifeguards, swimming schools, aquatic sports or open-air recreation centers, fishery and otheraquatic industries, as well as for military personnel training or operating in areas that require crossingwater barriersKey words: aquatics, equipment, rescue.IntroductionThe beginning of the summer holiday season isalways accompanied by media warnings to maintaincaution when bathing in open reservoirs.Most cases of drowning are recorded at nonattendedbeaches. These cases pertain mostly tothe youth, but also to adults, oftentimes takinga swim after drinking alcohol in quantities thatincrease risk-taking, bravado and courage showoffbehaviors.Methods of aquatic rescue to dateCompared to the development of technicaldevices that facilitate everyday life in all areas,methods of aquatic rescue used to date should bejudged in a very critical manner. Even the mostefficient lifeguards are not always able to providetimely rescue aid to the drowning person, as theequipment they have at their disposal is usuallylimited to the anachronistic life buoys and boats.Several hundred drowning cases are recordedevery year across the country, with the maximumvalue reaching as much as 600 drowningcases during a single season.http://military.isl-journals.comThis form of rescue is often to no avail, as the timebetween the alarm and the rescue is too long.Therefore, there is a need to revise the rescuemethods available to date. We should strive to be123
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