MILITARY PHARMACY AND MEDICINE
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MILITARY PHARMACY AND MEDICINE

MILITARY PHARMACY AND MEDICINE MILITARY PHARMACY AND MEDICINE

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© Military Pharmacy and Medicine • 2012 • 4 • 102 – 104chemical substances. Two main problems arise inthis area, particularly when it comes to developingcountries:• • absence of sufficient scientific informationallowing for assessment of risk associated withuse of large numbers of chemical substances;••lack of means for assessment of chemicalsubstances owned and used by people.The processes of severe chemical environmentalpollution take place in various industrial centersaround the world in the recent years. It is associatedwith threat to human health, genetic structureand reproduction, as well as to the environment.Elimination of the effects of contaminationrequires large expenditures and development ofnew technologies. Long-term effects of chemicalenvironmental contamination leading to climaticchanges were only recently recognized andunderstood. Also recently, the humanity realizedthe extent of those effects. A large number ofinternational institutions are involved in worksconcerning chemical safety. Programs for itspromotion were implemented in many countries.These works have international implications, asdangerous effects of chemicals know no nationalboundaries. However, significant aid for nationaland international enterprises in this area is necessaryin order to work out methods of environmentallysafe use of chemical substances.Seven areas of action are proposed in this area:• • broadening and acceleration of internationalevaluations of chemical threats,••unification of classification and labeling ofchemicals,••exchange of information regarding toxicchemicals and chemical threats,••establishing programs for risk reduction,••strengthening national capabilities and skillsfor effective toxic substance management,••preventing illegal international trade of toxicand dangerous substances,••deepening international cooperation in someareas of actions.Effective control of production, storage, handling,recycling, transport, retrieval of raw materialsand management of dangerous wastes areimportant for human wellbeing, environmentalprotection, as well as management of naturalresources and sustainable development. Preventingformation of dangerous materials requiresRadosław Ziemba: Sustainable development in light of international cooperationknowledge, experienced staff, resources andfinancial means, as well as technological and scientificpotential. International trade of dangerouswastes, with partial breaching of nationallegislation and international policies, causingharm to the environment and public health in allcountries, particularly the developing ones, is amatter of concern for the international society.The master task in terms of management of vitalprocesses involves the greatest possible minimizationof dangerous waste production, as well assuch management of waste products so that theywould not cause harm to health and the environment.It encompasses four areas of action:• • promoting prevention of dangerous wasteformation and minimization of the amountsof those products,••promoting and strengthening internationalcooperation in management of cross-bordermovement of dangerous wastes,••promoting and strengthening institutionalpowers with regard to dangerous wastemanagement,••preventing illegal international trade of dangerouswaste products.The General Assembly concurred that environmentallysafe waste management is one ofthe main actions undertaken in order to maintainthe wellbeing of global environment and toattain environmentally healthy, stable growth ofall countries.Areas of action described in this chapter ofAgenda 21 are closely related to the followingareas of action contained in other chapters:• • quality protection and use of inland watersupplies (ch. 18);••promoting sustainable development of humanhabitats (ch. 7);••protection and promotion of human health(ch. 6);••changing the model of consumption (ch. 4).According to this, the extent of necessary actionsshould be based on a hierarchy of goals and concentrateon four main fields of action related towaste products. They are mutually interconnectedand supportive of each other. They comedown to:••minimizing the amount of waste;102 http://military.isl-journals.com

© Military Pharmacy and Medicine • 2012 • 4 • 103 – 104 Review article••maximization of environmentally safe use ofsecondary materials and waste recycling;••promotion of environmentally safe eliminationand processing of waste products;••broadening the scope of services with respectto elimination and processing of wasteproducts.Radioactive waste is formed both during use ofnuclear fuel as well as radioactive materials (inmedicine, science and industry) Radiological riskand safety threats are diverse on the part of radiologicalwaste: they range from very small to great.Safe and environmentally harmless managementof radioactive materials, including their minimization,transport and utilization is of great importance.Most countries with leading nuclear energyprograms have undertaken administrative andtechnological systems of waste management. Inmany other countries, still preparing for nuclearprograms or only using radioactive materials,there is still a need for creation of such systems,which is becoming increasingly urgent.A fundamental goal of such program is to ensuresafe management, transport, storage and utilizationof radioactive wastes. It is directed at protectionof human and environmental health and iscontained within a broader framework of interactiveand integrated approach toward their managementwithin a broadly understood safety system.The described areas of action illustrate the extentof parameters and challenges for maintainingsustainable development.References:1. Janikowski R., Wielokrotny model decyzyjny, jakonarzędzie oceny oddziaływania projektowanejdziałalności człowieka na środowisko. JETU,Katowice, 1993.2. Jendrośka J. Rządowy projekt ustawy o postępowaniuw sprawie ocen oddziaływania na środowisko oraz odostępie do informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie,(w:), Problemy ocen środowiskowych, kwartalnik Nr1(8), 2000.3. Kozłowski S., Koncepcja ekorozwoju jako podstawapolityki ekologicznej państwa.(w:) B.Poskrobko(red.), Działalność gospodarcza a ochronaśrodowiska przyrodniczego, Biuro Badań i WdrożeńEkologicznych, Białystok 1992.4. Kozłowski S., W drodze do ekorozwoju, PWN,Warszawa, 1997.5. Patrz: Dokumenty końcowe Konferencji NarodówZjednoczonych..., cyt. wyd., słowo wstępne.http://military.isl-journals.com103

© Military Pharmacy and Medicine • 2012 • 4 • 103 – 104 Review article••maximization of environmentally safe use ofsecondary materials and waste recycling;••promotion of environmentally safe eliminationand processing of waste products;••broadening the scope of services with respectto elimination and processing of wasteproducts.Radioactive waste is formed both during use ofnuclear fuel as well as radioactive materials (inmedicine, science and industry) Radiological riskand safety threats are diverse on the part of radiologicalwaste: they range from very small to great.Safe and environmentally harmless managementof radioactive materials, including their minimization,transport and utilization is of great importance.Most countries with leading nuclear energyprograms have undertaken administrative andtechnological systems of waste management. Inmany other countries, still preparing for nuclearprograms or only using radioactive materials,there is still a need for creation of such systems,which is becoming increasingly urgent.A fundamental goal of such program is to ensuresafe management, transport, storage and utilizationof radioactive wastes. It is directed at protectionof human and environmental health and iscontained within a broader framework of interactiveand integrated approach toward their managementwithin a broadly understood safety system.The described areas of action illustrate the extentof parameters and challenges for maintainingsustainable development.References:1. Janikowski R., Wielokrotny model decyzyjny, jakonarzędzie oceny oddziaływania projektowanejdziałalności człowieka na środowisko. JETU,Katowice, 1993.2. Jendrośka J. Rządowy projekt ustawy o postępowaniuw sprawie ocen oddziaływania na środowisko oraz odostępie do informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie,(w:), Problemy ocen środowiskowych, kwartalnik Nr1(8), 2000.3. Kozłowski S., Koncepcja ekorozwoju jako podstawapolityki ekologicznej państwa.(w:) B.Poskrobko(red.), Działalność gospodarcza a ochronaśrodowiska przyrodniczego, Biuro Badań i WdrożeńEkologicznych, Białystok 1992.4. Kozłowski S., W drodze do ekorozwoju, PWN,Warszawa, 1997.5. Patrz: Dokumenty końcowe Konferencji NarodówZjednoczonych..., cyt. wyd., słowo wstępne.http://military.isl-journals.com103

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