Front south along the Continental Divide. <strong>The</strong>Keep Cool Hills, west of Landers Fork, and theridge between Alice Creek and Landers Forkfunnels wildlife into this linkage area that aremoving south from the Rocky Mountain Front/Northern Continental Divide ecosystem. RogersPass,Anaconda Hills, Mitchell Mountain and theBlackfoot Canyon/Kershaw/Marcun Mountainarea are specific major wildlife movement areasand important ungulate winter ranges withinthe linkage. Ward Creek, to the east side ofKleinschmidt Flats, is an important movementarea for pronghorn, grizzly bear, elk, andmoose. <strong>The</strong> North Fork of the Blackfoot Riveris a “wildlife highway” for all species found inthis linkage. In the southwest part, a linkagezone consists of intermountain canyons betweenHelmville and the Douglas basin, which isimportant for wolves, mule deer, and elk.Grizzly can be found throughout this linkage,but the most activity is north of Highway 200in the Blackfoot Valley. Bears move southfrom the Scapegoat, through the east part ofthis linkage, and into the Robert E. Lee thensouth to the Boulder Mountains. Year around,bears move between Seeley Lake and RogersPass in drainages like Monture Creek, ArrastraCreek, Landers Fork, and Poorman’s Creek. <strong>The</strong>foothills within the entire valley are importantto grizzlies that move towards the East Garnetsand Robert E. Lee Mountains. <strong>The</strong> mouth ofLincoln Canyon, between Highways 141 and 200,and the town of Lincoln, is a key movementarea for grizzly. Red Mountain, west of Landers’Fork, has an army cutworm moth site that isvery important for grizzly in the late summerand fall. Grizzly bear denning habitat existsthroughout this linkage zone.Wolverine: This area could be considered corehabitat for wolverines, and is important formovement. Trapping records show persistentpresence of lynx in this linkage area.<strong>The</strong> highest quality habitat for wolverine, lynxand mountain lions can be found in Dunham,Monture, and Copper Creeks. <strong>The</strong> greatsnowshoe hare habitat at Marken Mountain isalso high quality lynx habitat.<strong>The</strong> Marcun Mountain to Lincoln area is greatwinter range for elk, mule deer, whitetail deer,and moose. Consequently, this same area isalso great for wolves, which follow the ungulateprey. Monture Creek to Ovando Mountain,Brown’s Lake, Douglas Creek, Manley Mountain,Arrastra Creek, Raster Creek, and Landers Forkall provide high quality elk winter range. <strong>The</strong>entire Paws Up Ranch alone provides winterrange for between 1/4th-1/2 of all elk in thislinkage. <strong>The</strong> area between Blacktail Mountainand the north end of the Helmville Valley is atransitional movement area for elk betweensummer and winter range. Scapegoat Wilderness<strong>Area</strong>, McCabe Mountain and Mulkey Gulch areimportant for elk summer range.Wolves move south from the Continental Dividein the eastern part of the linkage.Moose are scattered throughout this linkage inall riparian areas.<strong>Conservation</strong> ThreatsDevelopment potential on industrial timberlands in this linkage could fragment habitat.<strong>The</strong> Lincoln area is starting to develop; thistown is essentially within a wildlife corridor,and increased development will likely lead tomore conflicts between wildlife and humans.In particular, the south side of the Lincoln areashould be addressed, as it lies outside of theofficial grizzly bear recovery zone.Public land access is an issue that concernswildlife managers responsible for maintainingreasonable game population levels. This areahas had a lot of logging over the last fifty years,which pushed the elk onto private land, wherethey have stayed. Currently, because of theprivate lands and easements that do not providepublic access, there are over 1700 elk just in thewestern end this linkage, which is double theestimated number that can live there withoutdamaging habitat. Consequently, there is highsocial intolerance of carnivores and elk in thislinkage.Highway 200 and Highway 83 are threats interms of both habitat fragmentation and directmortality caused by animal-vehicle collisions.In the last four to five years, three grizzly bearswere killed by animal-vehicle collisions within77
this linkage along Highway 200 near Lincoln andHighway 141; elk are killed more frequently.Forest roads are a problem for grizzly and othermore “secretive” wildlife, encouraging humanpresence in normally wild landscape.Illegal trapping of lynx has been the greatestsource of lynx mortality in this linkage area.In the Scapegoat area, biologists state thatinterspecific competition between lynx andmountain lion is a moderately high threat toexisting lynx populations.<strong>The</strong>re are active gold mining activities in thislinkage, with more develop proposals betweenLincoln and Roger’s Pass. This area used to havesilver and gold mines that leached cyanide intothe Blackfoot River, causing great ecologicaldamage.<strong>Conservation</strong> Opportunities<strong>The</strong> Blackfoot Challenge is a cooperativeconservation effort that has over 8,000acres of conservation easements in theworks. <strong>The</strong> Blackfoot Challenge is alreadyworking collaboratively between agencies,timber companies, and private landowners.From Bonner to Rogers Pass there is muchconservation on-going with the BlackfootChallenge but there is an opportunity still tokeep working with the USFS on the Forest Plan.78
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Executive SummaryMaintaining the ec
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Map 1. The Hub Conservation Area ma
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Map 3. Major elk linkages identifie
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Map 6. Major mule deer linkages ide
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Map 8. Major wolf linkages identifi
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Map 10. Major grizzly bear linkages
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For information regarding contents
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American Wildlands’ PriorityLinka
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Georgetown Lake,photo by Grace Hamm
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Beaverhead Mountains to the south,
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with mountainous wet meadows and ri
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- Page 34 and 35: Literature ReviewThis review is mea
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- Page 38 and 39: may not provide functional connecti
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- Page 45 and 46: Photo by Denver Bryanpopulations. L
- Page 47 and 48: Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)
- Page 49 and 50: GUIDE TO READINGPRIORITY LINKAGE AS
- Page 51 and 52: Absaroka to CraziesSpeciesGeographi
- Page 53 and 54: BangtailsSpeciesGeographic Boundary
- Page 55 and 56: Bear CreekSpeciesGeographic Boundar
- Page 58 and 59: Big BeltsSpeciesGeographic Boundary
- Page 60 and 61: to disease transmission between dom
- Page 62: sightings in the Birch Creek area.
- Page 65 and 66: Elk move within this linkage for wi
- Page 67: south of the linkage area.Wolverine
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- Page 75: e using the Little Belt Mountains,
- Page 80 and 81: Clinton to DrummondSpeciesGeographi
- Page 82 and 83: There has been a settlement with At
- Page 84 and 85: Mountain Goats: The highest density
- Page 86 and 87: suspected in very low levels, even
- Page 88: dispersal corridor for all of these
- Page 91 and 92: the area. Hunting access in general
- Page 93 and 94: with the Elkhorns.Wolverines are kn
- Page 96 and 97: FleecerSpeciesGeographic BoundaryFl
- Page 98 and 99: negotiated grazing agreements on th
- Page 100 and 101: traffic volumes are increasing sign
- Page 102 and 103: pack in the linkage. The large size
- Page 104 and 105: Garnets to BouldersSpeciesGeographi
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- Page 108 and 109: persistent spring snow and may be k
- Page 110 and 111: Garnets. The Clark Fork River Corri
- Page 112 and 113: Horseshoe HillsSpeciesGeographic Bo
- Page 114 and 115: Hound CreekSpeciesGeographic Bounda
- Page 116 and 117: Jefferson SloughSpeciesGeographic B
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- Page 120 and 121: Willow packs moved here from the po
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path; this could further fragment w
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Lost TrailSpeciesGeographic Boundar
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MacDonald Pass toFleecer/Mt. Haggin
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claims within the area and 75 are b
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Conservation ThreatsDevelopment cou
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MaxvilleSpeciesGeographic BoundaryT
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Norris HillSpeciesGeographic Bounda
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PipestoneSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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144
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persistent snow pack.Lynx: Boles Cr
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Potter BasinSpeciesGeographic Bound
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150
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Mountain goats exist in small pocke
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Rocky Mountain Front to Big BeltMou
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Disease between bighorn sheep and d
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the linkage, grizzly bear forage in
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influencing how wildlife connectivi
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Several bighorn sheep herds form am
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Silver StarSpeciesGeographic Bounda
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166
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controlled. In recent years, approx
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esulting from livestock depredation
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StickneySpeciesGeographic BoundaryT
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SulaSpeciesGeographic BoundaryThe S
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Tom Miner to Mill CreekSpeciesGeogr
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178
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development. Subdivision, fencing a
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Townsend from 1000 to 300 animals.
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These appear to be important for gr
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186
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Other existing packs include the Wo
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Creek and the Boulder River south o
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192
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Harestad A.S., and F.L. Bunnell. 19
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Trakhtenbrot, A. R. Nathan, G. Perr
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Appendix 1 (cont.).Table 1Mammals o
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Appendix 2 (cont.).Table 2Home Rang
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Appendix 3 (cont.).Table 3Migration
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Appendix 4 (cont.).Table 4Dispersal
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Appendix 5 (cont.).Studies Demonstr
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American Wildlands ~ Winter 2008