The Hub Conservation Area - Montanans 4 Safe Wildlife Passage

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Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, The MontanaChallenge, http://fwp.mt.gov/tmc/default.htmlMontana’s Official Website. Montana FieldGuides. Retrieved June 19, 2008 from theWorldwide Web: http://fieldguide.mt.govNeckel-Oliveira, S. and C. Gascon. 2006.Abundance, body size and movement patternsof a tropical treefrog in continuous andfragmented forests in the Brazilian Amazon.Biological Conservation 128: 308-315.Pardini, R., S.Marques de Souza, R. Braga-Neto and J.P. Metzger. 2005. The role offorest structure, fragment size and corridorsin maintaining small mammal abundanceand diversity in an Atlantic forest landscape.Biological Conservation 124: 253-266.Perrow, M.R. and A.J. Davy. 2002. Handbook ofEcological Restoration. Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Pimm, S., P. Raven, A. Peterson, C.H.Sekercioglu, and P.R. Ehrlich. 2006. Humanimpacts on the rates of recent, present, andfuture bird extinctions. PNAS 103(29): 10941-10946.Reh, W. and A. Seitz. 1990. The influence ofland use on the genetic structure of populationsof the common frog Rana temporaria. BiologicalConservation 54: 239-249.Ruefenacht, B. and R.L. Knight. 1995. Influencesof corridor continuity and width on survival andmovement of deermice Peromyscus maniculatus.Biological Conservation 71: 269-274.Sanderson, W.W., M. Jaiteh, M.A. Levy, K.H.Redford, A.W. Wanebo and G. Woolmer. 2002.The human footprint and the last of the wild.BioScience 52: 891-904.Saunders, D.A., R.J. Hobbs and C.R. Margules.1991. Biological Consequences of EcosystemFragmentation: A Review. Conservation Biology5(1): 18-32.Sawyer, H. F. Lindzey and D. McWhirter. 2005.Mule deer and pronghorn migration in westernWyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(4): 1266-1273.Schmidt, N.M. and P.M. Jensen. 2003. Changesin mammalian body length over 175 years- adaptations to a fragmented landscape?Conservation Ecology 7(2): 6.Schmidt, N.M. and P.M. Jensen. 2005.Concomitant patterns in avian and mammalianbody length changes in Denmark. Ecology andSociety 10(2): 5.Semlitsch, R.D. 2007. Differentiating Migrationand Dispersal Processes for Pond-BreedingAmphibians. Journal of Wildlife Management72(1): 260-267.Servheen, Chris, John S. Waller, andPer Sandstrom. 2001. Identification andManagement of Linkage Zones for Grizzly BearsBetween the Large Blocks of Public Land in theNorthern Rocky Mountains, ICOET Proceedings,http://www.icoet.net/downloads/Process.pdf.Simberloff, D. and J. Cox. 1987. Consequencesand Costs of Conservation Corridors.Conservation Biology 1(1): 63-71.Simberloff, D., J.A. Farr, J. Cox, and D.W.Mehlman. 1992. Movement Corridors:conservation Bargains or Poor Investments?Conservation Biology 6(4): 493-504.Sutherland, G.D., A.S. Harestad, K. Price, K.P.Lertzman. 2000. Scaling of Natal DispersalDistances in Terrestrial Birds and Mammals.Conservation Ecology 4(1): 16 (online).Taylor, P.D., L.Fahrig, K. Henein, and G.Merriam. 1993. Connectivity is a vital elementof landscape structure. Oikos 68(3): 571-573.Thomas, T.R. and L.R. Irby. 1991. Winter habitatuse by mule deer with access to wheat fieldsand planted forb-grassland. Wildlife SocietyBulletin 19: 155-162.Tischendorf, L. and L. Fahrig. 2000. How shouldwe measure landscape connectivity? LandscapeEcology 15:633-641.195
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Executive SummaryMaintaining the ec
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Map 1. The Hub Conservation Area ma
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Map 3. Major elk linkages identifie
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Map 6. Major mule deer linkages ide
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Map 8. Major wolf linkages identifi
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Map 10. Major grizzly bear linkages
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For information regarding contents
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American Wildlands’ PriorityLinka
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Georgetown Lake,photo by Grace Hamm
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Beaverhead Mountains to the south,
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with mountainous wet meadows and ri
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irds). This step was repeated for c
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Figure 4. Hierarchical breakdown of
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sanitation and conflict issues betw
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Literature ReviewThis review is mea
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that this impediment is deleterious
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may not provide functional connecti
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available during dispersal, and new
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and desert; this reflects overall a
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Photo by Denver Bryanpopulations. L
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Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)
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GUIDE TO READINGPRIORITY LINKAGE AS
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Absaroka to CraziesSpeciesGeographi
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BangtailsSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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Bear CreekSpeciesGeographic Boundar
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Big BeltsSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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to disease transmission between dom
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sightings in the Birch Creek area.
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Elk move within this linkage for wi
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south of the linkage area.Wolverine
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ange for about 200 elk, and the Spr
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winter range is private land on the
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e using the Little Belt Mountains,
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Front south along the Continental D
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Clinton to DrummondSpeciesGeographi
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There has been a settlement with At
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Mountain Goats: The highest density
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suspected in very low levels, even
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dispersal corridor for all of these
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the area. Hunting access in general
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with the Elkhorns.Wolverines are kn
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FleecerSpeciesGeographic BoundaryFl
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negotiated grazing agreements on th
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traffic volumes are increasing sign
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pack in the linkage. The large size
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Garnets to BouldersSpeciesGeographi
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105
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persistent spring snow and may be k
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Garnets. The Clark Fork River Corri
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Horseshoe HillsSpeciesGeographic Bo
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Hound CreekSpeciesGeographic Bounda
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Jefferson SloughSpeciesGeographic B
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117
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Willow packs moved here from the po
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the high potential for conflict wit
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the Castle Mountains south of Whets
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Lolo to TurahSpeciesGeographic Boun
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path; this could further fragment w
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Lost TrailSpeciesGeographic Boundar
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MacDonald Pass toFleecer/Mt. Haggin
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claims within the area and 75 are b
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Conservation ThreatsDevelopment cou
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MaxvilleSpeciesGeographic BoundaryT
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Norris HillSpeciesGeographic Bounda
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PipestoneSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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Page 147 and 148: persistent snow pack.Lynx: Boles Cr
Page 149 and 150: Potter BasinSpeciesGeographic Bound
Page 151 and 152: 150
Page 153 and 154: Mountain goats exist in small pocke
Page 155 and 156: Rocky Mountain Front to Big BeltMou
Page 157 and 158: Disease between bighorn sheep and d
Page 159 and 160: the linkage, grizzly bear forage in
Page 161 and 162: influencing how wildlife connectivi
Page 163 and 164: Several bighorn sheep herds form am
Page 165 and 166: Silver StarSpeciesGeographic Bounda
Page 167 and 168: 166
Page 169 and 170: controlled. In recent years, approx
Page 171 and 172: esulting from livestock depredation
Page 173 and 174: StickneySpeciesGeographic BoundaryT
Page 175 and 176: SulaSpeciesGeographic BoundaryThe S
Page 177 and 178: Tom Miner to Mill CreekSpeciesGeogr
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Page 181 and 182: development. Subdivision, fencing a
Page 183 and 184: Townsend from 1000 to 300 animals.
Page 185 and 186: These appear to be important for gr
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Page 189 and 190: Other existing packs include the Wo
Page 191 and 192: Creek and the Boulder River south o
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Page 195: Harestad A.S., and F.L. Bunnell. 19
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 1 (cont.).Table 1Mammals o
Page 201 and 202: Appendix 2 (cont.).Table 2Home Rang
Page 203 and 204: Appendix 3 (cont.).Table 3Migration
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 4 (cont.).Table 4Dispersal
Page 207 and 208: Appendix 5 (cont.).Studies Demonstr
Page 209: American Wildlands ~ Winter 2008
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