The Hub Conservation Area - Montanans 4 Safe Wildlife Passage

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Literature CitedAlerstam, T., A. Hedenstrom and S. Akeson.2003. Long-distance migration: evolution anddeterminants. Oikos 103(2): 247-260.Apps, C.D. and B.N. McLellan. 2006. Factorsinfluencing the dispersion and fragmentationof endangered mountain caribou populations.Biological Conservation 130: 84-97.Baker, W. E. Larrions, C. Yocom and I. Baxter.1961. Wildlife of the Northern Rocky Mountains.Naturegraph Co., Healdsburg, CA.Baum, K.A., K.J. Haynes, F.P. Dillemuth, andJ.T. Cronin. 2004 The matrix enhances theeffectiveness of corridors and stepping stones.Ecology 85(10): 2671-2676.Beier, P. and R.F. Noss. 1998. Do HabitatCorridors Provide Connectivity? ConservationBiology 12(6):1241-1252.Belisle, M. 2005. Measuring landscapeconnectivity: the challenge of behaviorallandscape ecology. Ecology 86(8): 1988-1995.Belisle, M. and C.C. St. Clair. 2001. Cumulativeeffects of barriers on the movements of forestbirds. Conservation Ecology 5(2): 9.Berger, J. 2004. The Last Mile: How toSustain Long-Distance Migration in Mammals.Conservation Biology 18(2): 320-331.Bergerud, A.T., R. Ferguson and H.E. Butler.1990. Spring migration and dispersion ofwoodland caribou at calving. Animal Behavior39: 360-368.Boyce, M.S. 1991. Migratory behavior andmanagement of elk (Cervus elaphus). AppliedAnimal Behavior Science 29: 239-250.Brown, C.G. 1992. Movement and migrationpatterns of mule deer in southeastern Idaho.Journal of Wildlife Management 56(2): 246-253.Brown, J.H. and A. Kodric-Brown. 1977.Turnover rates in insular biogeography: Effect ofimmigration on extinction. Ecology 58: 445-449.Caley, M.J., K.A. Buckley and G.P. Jones.2001. Separating ecological effects of habitatfragmentation degradation, and loss on coralcommensals. Ecology 82(12): 3435-3448.Coffman, C.J., J.D. Nichols and K.H. Pollock.2001. Population dynamics of Microtuspennsylvanicus in corridor-linked patches. Oikos93:3-21.Collins, R.J. and G.W. Barrett. 1997. Effectsof habitat fragmentation on meadow vole(Microtus pennsylvanicus) population dynamicsin experiment landscape patches. LandscapeEcology 12(2): 63-76.Crooks, K.R. and M.E. Soule. 1999.Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctionsin a fragmented system. Nature 400: 563-565.Dixon, J.D., M.K. Oli, M.C. Wooten, T.H.Eason, J.W. McCown, and D. Paetkau. 2006.Effectiveness of a Regional Corridor inConnecting two Florida Black Bear Populations.Conservation Biology 20(1): 155-162.Elias, S.A. 2002. Rocky Mountains. SmithsonianInstitution Press, Washington.Fahrig, Lenore. 2003. Effects of HabitatFragmentation Biodiversity. Annual Review ofEcological and Evolutionary Systems 34: 487-515.Fredrickson, R. and P. Hedrick. 2002. Bodysize in endangered Mexican wolves: effects ofinbreeding and cross-lineage matings. AnimalConservation 5: 39-43.Hale, M.L., P.W.W. Lurz, M.D.F. Shirley, S.Rushton, R.M. Fuller and K. Wolff. 2001. Impactof landscape management on the geneticstructure of red squirrel populations. Science293(5538).193
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Executive SummaryMaintaining the ec
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Map 1. The Hub Conservation Area ma
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Map 3. Major elk linkages identifie
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Map 6. Major mule deer linkages ide
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Map 8. Major wolf linkages identifi
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Map 10. Major grizzly bear linkages
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For information regarding contents
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American Wildlands’ PriorityLinka
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Georgetown Lake,photo by Grace Hamm
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Beaverhead Mountains to the south,
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with mountainous wet meadows and ri
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irds). This step was repeated for c
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Figure 4. Hierarchical breakdown of
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sanitation and conflict issues betw
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Literature ReviewThis review is mea
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that this impediment is deleterious
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may not provide functional connecti
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available during dispersal, and new
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and desert; this reflects overall a
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Photo by Denver Bryanpopulations. L
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Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)
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GUIDE TO READINGPRIORITY LINKAGE AS
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Absaroka to CraziesSpeciesGeographi
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BangtailsSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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Bear CreekSpeciesGeographic Boundar
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Big BeltsSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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to disease transmission between dom
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sightings in the Birch Creek area.
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Elk move within this linkage for wi
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south of the linkage area.Wolverine
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ange for about 200 elk, and the Spr
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winter range is private land on the
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e using the Little Belt Mountains,
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Front south along the Continental D
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Clinton to DrummondSpeciesGeographi
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There has been a settlement with At
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Mountain Goats: The highest density
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suspected in very low levels, even
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dispersal corridor for all of these
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the area. Hunting access in general
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with the Elkhorns.Wolverines are kn
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FleecerSpeciesGeographic BoundaryFl
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negotiated grazing agreements on th
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traffic volumes are increasing sign
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pack in the linkage. The large size
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Garnets to BouldersSpeciesGeographi
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105
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persistent spring snow and may be k
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Garnets. The Clark Fork River Corri
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Horseshoe HillsSpeciesGeographic Bo
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Hound CreekSpeciesGeographic Bounda
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Jefferson SloughSpeciesGeographic B
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117
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Willow packs moved here from the po
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the high potential for conflict wit
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the Castle Mountains south of Whets
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Lolo to TurahSpeciesGeographic Boun
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path; this could further fragment w
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Lost TrailSpeciesGeographic Boundar
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MacDonald Pass toFleecer/Mt. Haggin
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claims within the area and 75 are b
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Conservation ThreatsDevelopment cou
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MaxvilleSpeciesGeographic BoundaryT
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Norris HillSpeciesGeographic Bounda
Page 143 and 144: PipestoneSpeciesGeographic Boundary
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Page 147 and 148: persistent snow pack.Lynx: Boles Cr
Page 149 and 150: Potter BasinSpeciesGeographic Bound
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Page 153 and 154: Mountain goats exist in small pocke
Page 155 and 156: Rocky Mountain Front to Big BeltMou
Page 157 and 158: Disease between bighorn sheep and d
Page 159 and 160: the linkage, grizzly bear forage in
Page 161 and 162: influencing how wildlife connectivi
Page 163 and 164: Several bighorn sheep herds form am
Page 165 and 166: Silver StarSpeciesGeographic Bounda
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Page 169 and 170: controlled. In recent years, approx
Page 171 and 172: esulting from livestock depredation
Page 173 and 174: StickneySpeciesGeographic BoundaryT
Page 175 and 176: SulaSpeciesGeographic BoundaryThe S
Page 177 and 178: Tom Miner to Mill CreekSpeciesGeogr
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Page 181 and 182: development. Subdivision, fencing a
Page 183 and 184: Townsend from 1000 to 300 animals.
Page 185 and 186: These appear to be important for gr
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Page 189 and 190: Other existing packs include the Wo
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Page 197 and 198: Trakhtenbrot, A. R. Nathan, G. Perr
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 1 (cont.).Table 1Mammals o
Page 201 and 202: Appendix 2 (cont.).Table 2Home Rang
Page 203 and 204: Appendix 3 (cont.).Table 3Migration
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 4 (cont.).Table 4Dispersal
Page 207 and 208: Appendix 5 (cont.).Studies Demonstr
Page 209: American Wildlands ~ Winter 2008
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