s a f e r w o r l d · w o r k i n g p a p e r 11Unfortunately these operations have never yielded anyth<strong>in</strong>g near their target levels ofSALW. For example, <strong>in</strong> <strong>Kenya</strong>’s Operation Dumisha Amani (Susta<strong>in</strong> Peace), a disarmament<strong>in</strong>itiative of 2005/2006, the government had a target of 50,000 <strong>arms</strong> to recover,but only netted 2,298 <strong>arms</strong>. 33 Therefore a comparison of total <strong>arms</strong> destroyed aga<strong>in</strong>stdisarmament targets actually suggests modest progress.Table 2: Number of SALW <strong>and</strong> ammunition/explosives destroyed <strong>in</strong> <strong>Kenya</strong>Number Ammunition/Year of SALW explosives2003 8,2892005 38392007 8,008 50,0002009 2,4982010 2,545Total 25,179 50,000Source – KNFP, NairobiIn addition, to improve record-keep<strong>in</strong>g, the Central Fire<strong>arms</strong> Bureau received ast<strong>and</strong>ardised electronic register for manag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>arms</strong> brokers <strong>and</strong> dealers from RECSA<strong>and</strong> United Nations Centre for Peace <strong>and</strong> Disarmament <strong>in</strong> Africa. The software willmanage <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>arms</strong> brokers <strong>and</strong> keep records of broker<strong>in</strong>g licences <strong>in</strong>accordance with the RECSA Best Practice Guidel<strong>in</strong>es.International <strong>and</strong> regional co-operation <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation exchange: The <strong>Kenya</strong>ngovernment <strong>and</strong> civil society actively participated <strong>in</strong> the global Control Armscampaign, dubbed the ‘Million Faces Petition’ (fronted by Amnesty International,Oxfam <strong>and</strong> the International Action Network on Small Arms), <strong>in</strong> 2002 follow<strong>in</strong>gagreement on the UNPOA. <strong>Kenya</strong>, through KNFP co-ord<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> the support ofOxfam GB collected <strong>and</strong> presented about 100,000 faces to the UN Secretary-Generalat the UNPOA Review Conference 2006 to lobby for tough global controls on the <strong>arms</strong>trade. In addition, <strong>Kenya</strong> <strong>and</strong> six other like-m<strong>in</strong>ded states (i.e. Argent<strong>in</strong>a, Australia,Costa Rica, F<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong>, Japan <strong>and</strong> the United K<strong>in</strong>gdom) co-sponsored <strong>and</strong> lobbied for theadoption of a draft resolution to establish an Arms Trade Treaty. The Resolution wasadopted by the UN General Assembly on 6 December 2006. The KNFP co-ord<strong>in</strong>atedpreparation of a submission on this by the <strong>Kenya</strong>n Government. This was a verysignificant diplomatic contribution to an <strong>in</strong>ternational process that has potential toimprove controls over the global trade <strong>in</strong> SALW.Ug<strong>and</strong>aNational FocalPo<strong>in</strong>t on SmallArms <strong>and</strong> LightWeaponsThe Ug<strong>and</strong>a National Focal Po<strong>in</strong>t on SALW (UNFP) was established by the Governmentof Ug<strong>and</strong>a <strong>in</strong> 2001 to co-ord<strong>in</strong>ate activities to prevent, combat <strong>and</strong> eradicatethe problem of the proliferation of illicit SALW. 34 This action was <strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e with theprovisions of the Coord<strong>in</strong>ated Agenda for Action of the Nairobi Declaration.M<strong>and</strong>ate of the Ug<strong>and</strong>a National Focal Po<strong>in</strong>t on Small Arms <strong>and</strong> Light WeaponsThe UNFP is an <strong>in</strong>ter-agency body compris<strong>in</strong>g government m<strong>in</strong>istries <strong>and</strong> agencies,as well as civil society organisations that have some role <strong>in</strong> address<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>small</strong> <strong>arms</strong>issue. The UNFP functions as the l<strong>in</strong>k between regional <strong>and</strong> national level <strong>in</strong>stitutions.The Secretariat of the UNFP is located with<strong>in</strong> the M<strong>in</strong>istry of Internal Affairs.33 KNFP, ‘Disarmament <strong>in</strong> <strong>Kenya</strong>’, presentation delivered dur<strong>in</strong>g RECSA Practical Disarmament Validation Workshop <strong>in</strong>Mombasa <strong>Kenya</strong>, 30–31 August 2010.34 www.unvug<strong>and</strong>a.org/saahw.html, 5 February 2011.
12 c o n t r o l l i n g s m a l l a r m s a n d l i g h t w e a p o n s <strong>in</strong> k e n y a a n d u g a n d a : p ro g re s s s o f a rThe NFP is adm<strong>in</strong>istered by a co-ord<strong>in</strong>ator, under the supervision of the PermanentSecretary <strong>and</strong> the political direction of the m<strong>in</strong>ister. It has the follow<strong>in</strong>g roles: 35n implement the Nairobi Declaration, Nairobi Protocol <strong>and</strong> other Protocols,Programmes of Action <strong>and</strong> Declarations perta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to SALWn develop, implement, resource <strong>and</strong> monitor the NAPn co-ord<strong>in</strong>ate implementation <strong>and</strong> operational activities with the Regional Task Forceson SALWn co-ord<strong>in</strong>ate activities related to SALW with all stakeholders to ensure compatibilitywith the national objectivesn co-ord<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>teract with civil societyn conduct <strong>and</strong> facilitate research on issues perta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g to SALW <strong>in</strong> all its aspectsn facilitate exchange <strong>and</strong> dissem<strong>in</strong>ation of <strong>in</strong>formationn identify <strong>and</strong> apply lessons learnt aimed at develop<strong>in</strong>g best practicesn build <strong>and</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> the capacity of all stakeholders to ensure effective <strong>and</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>ableaction to deal with the SALW problem <strong>in</strong> all its aspects.Ug<strong>and</strong>a National Focal Po<strong>in</strong>t on Small Arms <strong>and</strong> Light Weapons strategyLike the KNFP, the UNFP’s strategy is guided by the Ug<strong>and</strong>a NAP. Because thedevelopment of both NAPs happened concurrently <strong>and</strong> was supported by the samepartners us<strong>in</strong>g the same methodology, the two documents have much <strong>in</strong> common.Indeed, the commencement dates of both <strong>Kenya</strong> <strong>and</strong> Ug<strong>and</strong>a NAPs were the same,i.e. July 2004. The Ug<strong>and</strong>a NAP focuses on four ma<strong>in</strong> themes:n Control <strong>and</strong> management of exist<strong>in</strong>g stock of SALW. This addresses the capacitybuild<strong>in</strong>g of law enforcement agencies, stockpile <strong>and</strong> surplus management, developmentof a national policy on SALW, regulat<strong>in</strong>g civilian ownership <strong>and</strong> controll<strong>in</strong>g<strong>and</strong> manag<strong>in</strong>g brokersn Reduction of the volume of SALW already <strong>in</strong> circulation, focus<strong>in</strong>g on collection <strong>and</strong>destructionn Prevention of future proliferation of SALW focus<strong>in</strong>g on licens<strong>in</strong>g controls <strong>and</strong>procedures, end-user certification <strong>and</strong> monitor<strong>in</strong>g, report<strong>in</strong>g (for transparency <strong>and</strong>accountability), mark<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> trac<strong>in</strong>gn Institutional framework development <strong>and</strong> capacity build<strong>in</strong>g of the ma<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutions,namely the National Security Committee, the Ug<strong>and</strong>a NFP <strong>and</strong> 12 Regional TaskForces (RTFs). 36Ug<strong>and</strong>a’s NAP consists of ten components that were to be undertaken jo<strong>in</strong>tly bygovernment <strong>and</strong> civil society, implemented <strong>in</strong> phases over a period of five years.The ten components fit with<strong>in</strong> the above-mentioned themes <strong>and</strong> are as follows:1. Establish <strong>and</strong>/or operationalise the required <strong>in</strong>ter-agency <strong>in</strong>stitutional framework toimplement the various <strong>in</strong>ternational, regional <strong>and</strong> sub-regional action programmes<strong>and</strong> protocols as well as the NAP <strong>in</strong> a comprehensive <strong>and</strong> susta<strong>in</strong>able manner. In thiscase, Ug<strong>and</strong>a’s National Security Committee, the UNFP <strong>and</strong> Regional (or District)Task Forces are the relevant <strong>in</strong>stitutions.2. Develop an <strong>in</strong>tegrated <strong>and</strong> comprehensive National Policy on SALW, review nationallegislation, adm<strong>in</strong>istrative procedures <strong>and</strong> regulations followed by implementation ofthe new provisions <strong>and</strong> harmonisation with<strong>in</strong> the sub-regional framework.35 www.mia.go.ug/page.php?1=nfp_functions&&2=National%20Focal%20Po<strong>in</strong>t%20Functions, 5 February 2011.36 The RTFs were orig<strong>in</strong>ally m<strong>and</strong>ated to take forward the NAP at the sub-national level, but it was subsequently recognisedthat DTFs are much better suited to Ug<strong>and</strong>a’s adm<strong>in</strong>istrative structures. The only adm<strong>in</strong>istrative structures that functionregionally are the police adm<strong>in</strong>istrative regions, while all other local government structures operate at the district level. Theexistence of DTFs is therefore recognised <strong>in</strong> the national <strong>small</strong> <strong>arms</strong> policy.