Analysis Techniques For Man-Machine Systems Design

NATO UNCLASSIFIED- 65 - AC/243(Panel-8)TR/7Volume Ithe FRG use the term Ergonomics, and the U.S., Canada, and NATO STANAG 3994 use theterm Human Engineering. The reader is referred to the Glossary for definition of these terms.Since the mid-1960s, all U.S. specifications and standards have used the term HumanEngineering (HE). In the U.S., the area of Human Factors (HF) or Human Systems Integration(HSI) area is defined by the DoD to include Manpower, Personnel. Training, Systems Safety,Health Hazards and Human Engineering. Human Factors Engineering is a term that is alsobeing used in recent DoD standards (U.S. MIL-STD-1800). The major specifications andstandards use the term Human Engineering but include analytical techniques that are common toHuman Engineering and other Human Factors disciplines. The issue of terminology will haveto be dealt with if NATO standards, specifications and guidelines are to be developed.132. In addition to differences in terminology, a number of the analytical techniquesaddressed in Chapter 3 and Volume 2 of this report and in requirements documents listed in inTable 5.1 are primarily systems engineering analysis techniques.5.3.3 Lack of documents tailored to specific users133. In engineering practice, standards establish engineering or technical imitations fordesigns, materials, processes. or methods: specifications describe the technical requirements foritems, materials or services: and guidelines and handbooks provide advice. Consistent withthis, the standards reviewed cover design requirements, the specifications reviewed list analysistechniques to be used in the development process, and the guidelines and handbooks describeanalysis techniques in detailed terms for technical personnel. The standards and specificationsthat cover analytical techniques do not define decision criteria as to when to employ thetechnique or other salient technical comparison factors of interest to a project manager. Mosthandbooks and guidelines are written for the technical specialist and emphasize detailedtechnical descriptions of individual techniques; most do not include effort and scheduleinformation.5.4 AN APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATOREQUIREMENTS DOCUMENTS5.4.1 An approach for a standard134. The lack of requirements documents that address human engineering analysis- techniques demonstrates the need for a NATO standard to address this requirement. This needcan be best achieved by using the documents that do address such techniques as a basis forcreating a NATO management document or a requirements document. The candidates in thatregard are U.S. MIL-H-46855, U.K. DEF STD 00-25, and STANAG 3994. In addition,NATO should consider the adoption of international commercial standards. such as appropriateISO standards for non-developmental items.st, 5.4.2 An approach for specifications and guidesad135. In the material submitted for this chapter by RSG.14 members, most analysistechniques are merely listed or described in a cursory manner. It is apparent that humanengineering analysis techniques must not only be addressed in requirements documents but theymust also be described in greater detail along with assessments of value and usage. Detailedtechnical descriptions and technical trade-offs among competing methods need to be addressedin specialist handbooks. In addition to the material in Volume 2 of this report, DoD-HDBK-763, the DoD Directory of Design Support Methods, and Advanced HFE Tool Technologies arethe primary guides that provide the information required.NATO UNCLASSIFIED