Jul-Sep, 2012 - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Linu Mohan - Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Psychiatric Outpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kerala.Table V- Comparison of Baseline and Review Values of Various Paramerters with their Statistical Significance.Variables Sample (N) Mean SD % Mean SD of Paired df p-valuedifference difference mean t-testdifferenceBMI-I 25 26.2610 3.88526 3.14% -8.2616 .60624 -6.814 24 .001BMI-II 25 27.0872 3.72915WAIST -I(in cms) 25 92.72 7.547 3.88% -3.600 2.179 -8.259 24 .001WAIST-II (in cms) 25 96.32 7.936SBP-I 25 126.40 9.522 2.84% -3.600 9.522 -1.890 24 .071SBP-II 25 130.00 2.887DBP-I 25 83.80 6.964 6.92% -5.800 7.455 -3.890 24 .001DBP-II 25 89.60 3.202TG-I 251 35.561 4.480 3.18% -4.320 5.460 -3.956 24 .001TG-II 25 139.88 16.435HDL-I 25 60.88 10.822 -8.08% 4.920 6.812 3.611 24 .001HDL-II 25 55.96 13.043FBS-I 25 97.80 13.586 10.18% -9.960 7.202- 6.914 24 .001FBS-II 25 107.76 16.984I-baseline,15serial indicators for risk during antipsychotic treatment.Treatment of the metabolic syndrome focuses on lifestylemodifications which include dietary changes and exercise.The professionals need to be aware of the existence of themetabolic syndrome, be vigilant to its development and takeprompt steps to rectify it.REFERENCESII-review1. Mattoo SK, Singh SM. Metabolic syndrome and psychiatricdisorders. Indian J Med 2008; 237-45.2. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolicsyndrome, 2006, http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/MetS defupdate2006.pdf (Ref type: electronic citation).3. Izet Aganovic, Tina Dusek. Pathophysiology of metabolicsyndrome. New trends in classification, monitoring andmanagement of metabolic syndrome 2006; 1:1-3.4. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention andRehabilitation 2003; 10:S1-S78.5. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolicsyndrome among U.S. adults: findings from the Third NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287:356-9.6. Bermudes RA, Keck PE, Welge JA. The prevalence of themetabolic syndrome in psychiatric inpatients with primarypsychotic and mood disorders. Psychosomatics 2006; 47:491-7.7. Deepa M, Farooq S, Datta M, Deepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence ofmetabolic syndrome using WHO, ATPIII and IDF definitions inAsian Indians: the Chennai urban rural epidemiology study(CURES-34). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007; 23:127-34.8. McElroy Susan L, Mark Frye A, Gerhard Hellemann, LoriAltshuler, Gabriele Leverich S. Prevalence and correlates ofeating disorders in 875 patients with bipolar disorder. Jour ofAffect Disord 2011; 128:191-8.9. Hamid A, Saheera AH, Baharudin A, Sidi H. Metabolic syndromein psychiatric patients with primary psychotic and mooddisorders. ASEAN Jour of Psych 2009; 2(10);1-8.10. Kasanin J. The blood sugar curve in mental disease. Arch NeurolPsychiatry 1926; 16:414-9.11. Alexander P J, Radhakrishnan K, Milan D, Stephen C B.Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Australians withsevere mental illness. MJA 2009; 190:176-9.12. Ryan MCM, Flanagan S, Kinsella U. The effects of atypicalantipsychotics on visceral fat distribution in first episode, drugnaivepatients with schizophrenia. Life Sci 2004; 74:1999–2008.13. Siever LJ, Davis KL. Overview towards a dysregulationhypothesis of depression. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142:1017-31.14. Keck PE Jr, Buse JB, Dagogo-Jack S. Managing metabolicconcerns in patients with severe mental illness: a special report.Postgrad Med, McGraw-Hill, Minneapolis, MN, 2003;1-92.15. Daniel Casey E. Metabolic issues and cardiovascular disease inpatients with psychiatric disorders. The American Journal ofMedicine 2005; 118:15-22.Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 5 Issue 3 Jul - Sep, 2012 61
Indian Journal of Pharmacy PracticeAssociation of Pharmaceutical Teachers of IndiaAssessment of Drug Prescribing Patterns in Dermatology Outpatient Department ina Tertiary Care Hospital, Malabar, KeralaMohamed Saleem T.K*, Dilip. C and Nishad V.KAl Shifa College of Pharmacy, Kizhattur, Perinthalmanna, Kerala.Pin-679325A B S T R A C TSubmitted: 04/07/2012Accepted: 27/07/2012Skin diseases in developing countries have a serious impact on people's quality of life. Occasionally skin diseases can be a manifestation ofsystemic diseases. A prospective study was carried out over six months (August 2010-January 2011) in the Dermatology outpatient department oftertiary care referral hospital in Malabar region of Kerala. A total of 500 cases were analyzed in which the total number of drugs was found to be1230. The most commonly prescribed systemic agents were antihistamine (294) followed by antibiotics (181) & antifungal agents (49). The mostcommonly prescribed topical agents were topical steroids & its combination (236) followed by topical antifungal agents (124). This study revealsthat generic prescription is very low and suggests that effort must be made to encourage prescribers for generic prescribing which may have amultitude of benefits including cost effectiveness. Having a steroid and antibiotic prescribing policy will go a long way to minimizing inappropriateprescriptions and also standard treatment guidelines for the treatment of common disease should be formulated.Keywords: Skin diseases, dermatology,INTRODUCTIONSkin diseases in developing countries have a serious impacton people's quality of life, it is more so in India where climate,socio-economic status, religions and customs are widelyvaried in different parts of the country. Occasionally skindiseases can be a manifestation of systemic diseases.Moreover, the skin is an important target organ for HIV1, 2infection , that could be prevented or controlled by, amongother measures, appropriate use of drugs.Rational use of drugs is defined by World HealthOrganization (WHO) as “patients receive medicinesappropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet theirown individual requirements for an adequate period of time,3at the lowest cost to them and their community” . WHOhighlights two concomitant problems regarding the drugsituation in the developing world: one out of three peopleliving in the developing world are in need of essential drugsalthough there are concurrent higher rates of inappropriate4drug-use and drug resistance . WHO has estimated that atleast one-third of the world's population lacks access toessential drugs. In poorer areas of Asia and Africa this figuremay be as high as one-half. Millions of children and adults dieeach year from diseases that could have been prevented ortreated with cost-effective and inexpensive essential drugs.Address for Correspondence:Mohamed Saleem T.K, Assistant Professor, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy,Kizhattur, Perinthalmanna.E-mail: mohamedsaleemtk@gmail.comThe WHO also estimates that 50 percent of all medicines are5 .inappropriately prescribed, dispensed, or sold According tothe 1985 WHO Conference of Experts on drug-use,appropriate or rational use of medicines is only when drugsare prescribed when clinically indicated, and at correctdosages for the right duration and at the lowest cost both to thepatient and their community. Inappropriate drug use hasdirect and indirect cost to the health system and individuals. Itis estimated that third world countries spend 30-40% of theirtotal health budget on drugs some of which are useless andexpensive and doubles their expenditure on drugs every 4years while GNP (Gross National Product) doubles every 16years. According to planning commission paper of 2009,health care expenses were responsible over half of all casesdecline into poverty. It was estimated in 2004-05, anadditional 39 million people were pushed into poverty due toout of pocket payment. National sample survey office(NSSO) data for the same year had shown that of the totalmedical expenditure percapita, medicines alone accountedfor 74% of the expenses in the rural and 67% in urban areas. Itis more in non-government sector. It indicates huge impact ofrising price on health expenditure. This expenditure can beminimized by prescribing drugs by generic name and6selection of drugs from essential medicine list Therefore,periodic evaluation of drug utilization patterns need to bedone to enable suitable modifications in prescription of drugsto increase the therapeutic benefit and decrease the adverseeffects. People often have very rational reasons for usingmedicines irrationally. Causes of irrational use include lack ofknowledge, skills or independent information, unrestrictedIndian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 5 Issue 3 Jul - Sep, 2012 62
Page 7:
Chang J - India's Progress towards
Page 10 and 11:
Ingle P.V - Sociocultural, Healthy
Page 12 and 13:
Ingle P.V - Sociocultural, Healthy
Page 14 and 15: Ingle P.V - Sociocultural, Healthy
Page 16 and 17: Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice
Page 18 and 19: Mahendra Kumar BJ - Drug Induced Sy
Page 20 and 21: Mahendra Kumar BJ - Drug Induced Sy
Page 25 and 26: Ramesh A - Prospective Monitoring a
Page 27 and 28: Ramesh A - Prospective Monitoring a
Page 29 and 30: Stejin J - Pharmacoeconomic Analysi
Page 31 and 32: Stejin J - Pharmacoeconomic Analysi
Page 35 and 36: Smitha F - A Retrospective Evaluati
Page 37 and 38: Smitha F - A Retrospective Evaluati
Page 41 and 42: Thomas D - Comparison of days lost
Page 45 and 46: Mohammed S.S - The Prevalence of Po
Page 47 and 48: Mohammed S.S - The Prevalence of Po
Page 49 and 50: Munsab Ali - Associated socioeconom
Page 51 and 52: Munsab Ali - Associated socioeconom
Page 53 and 54: Dilip .C - Prescription Monitoring
Page 55 and 56: Dilip .C - Prescription Monitoring
Page 57 and 58: Vijayakumar S - A Hospital Based Cr
Page 59 and 60: Vijayakumar S - A Hospital Based Cr
Page 61 and 62: Linu Mohan - Prevalence of Metaboli
Page 63: Linu Mohan - Prevalence of Metaboli
Page 67 and 68: Mohammed Saleem TK - Assessment of
Page 73 and 74: Rao JR - Development and Validation
Page 79 and 80: Aishwaryalakshmi K - Assessment of
Page 81 and 82: Aishwaryalakshmi K - Assessment of
Page 83 and 84: Pawar V - A Possible Case of Filgra
Page 85 and 86: Instructions to AuthorsIntroduction
Page 87: Instructions to AuthorsElectronic j
show all

Jul-Sep, 2012 - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?