Jul-Sep, 2012 - Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Ramesh A - Prospective Monitoring and Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions associated with Antiplatelet and Antiepileptic Drugs in a South Indian Tertiary Care Teaching Hospitalrash(3), fixed drug eruptions(1), dizziness(2), insomnia(1),somnolence(2)]. Valproic acid had caused 13 ADRs [weightincrease (5), abnormal behavior (2), fatigue (1), menstrualdisorder (1), dizziness (1), liver function test abnormality (1),somnolence (2)]. Carbamazepine had caused 4 ADRs [ataxia(2), dizziness (1), lethargy (1)]. Phenobarbitone had caused 2ADRs [abnormal behavior (1), gum hyperplasia (1)]. Tremorwas developed in one patient while increasing the dose ofLevetiracetam.Many research studies have corroborated the phenytoin may15,16cause the gingival hyperplasia. Despite having highincidence of gingival hyperplasia with phenytoin, patients arestill recommended with phenytoin because of economicconsiderations. Valproic acid is reported to cause weight17gain hepatic and renal damage, syndrome of inappropriateanti diuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) in patients. Inour study, weight gain was observed in 5 patients. In suchcases, the strategy adopted to decrease the weight was dietcounseling and life style modifications to the patients.The ADRs involved with Aspirin use were Urticaria (6)Gastric ulcer (8) and gastrointestinal bleeding (1) and withClopidogrel use were Rash (4), Angioedema (2), Headache(3), and constipation (5).Among the ADRs developed by antiepileptic agents thehighly affected organ system class is Gastro intestinaldisorders followed by Central peripheral nervous systemdisorders. Among ADRs developed by antiplatelet agents thehighly affected organ system class is Gastro IntestinalDisorders followed by skin and appendages disorder.No change in the treatment was observed in 50 cases as thoseADRs were mild and self limiting in nature. Even thoughthere was no overdose situation among the study population,10 patients improved when dose was altered. Medicationswere discontinued in 14 patients as the ADRs were so severelike gastrointestinal bleeding, liver damage, anticonvulsanthypersensitivity syndrome etc.Majority of patients did not receive any treatment for theADRs because either these reaction were mild and selflimiting in nature or there is no specific or symptomatictreatment for some reactions. Also among few cases, patientswere not ready to withdraw the drug as the benefit from thedrug (phenytoin) was outweighing the risk and the alternativedrug was more costly than the existing one. As the studyduration was only for nine months we could able to reportonly few reactions. Long duration study will help us in findingthe incidence, prevalence, and predisposing factorsinfluencing the occurrence of ADRs.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, Phenytoin and Valproic acid attributed tomajority of adverse drug reactions in antiepileptic class.Aspirin attributed for majority of ADRs in antiplatelet class ofmedications. The organ system classes affected was centralnervous system (antiepileptic agents) Gastrointestinal system(Antiplatelet agents) and Skin (antiepileptic agents andAntiplatelet agents).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe sincerely thank the JSS University, Dr. H.G Shivakumar,Principal, and Dr. G Parthasarathi, Head, Department ofPharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore andalso the Medical Superindent, JSS Hospital for theirencouragement and support.REFERENCES:1. International drug monitoring: the role of national centers.Report of a WHO meeting. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser.1972;498:1-25.2. Michae DF, Gary SF. Adverse drug reactions in patients withcardiovascular diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2008;33:703-768.3. Ramesh M. Drug therapy review. In: Parthasarathi G, NyfortHansen K, Nahata MC, Editors. A Textbook of ClinicalstPharmacy Practice- Essential Concepts and Skills: 1 ed.Chennai; Orient Longman Private Limited, 2004,p.218-2354. L.M Shish. Epidemiology and etiology of seizures and epilepsyin the elderly in Asia. Neurology Asia. 2004; 9(supplement1):31-32.5. Sridharan R. and Murthy B.N. Epilepsy. IBID.1999;40:631-6366. Vicky B.G, Hays R.D, Rausch R et.al. Quality of life of epilepsysurgery patients as compared with our patients withhypertension, Diabetes, Heart disease, and/or depressivesymptoms. Epilepsia.1994;35:597-607.7. Naranjo C.A, Busto U, Sellers EM. Comparision of twoalgorithms for assessing the probability of adverse drugreactions. Br J Clin Pharmacology.1982;13:223-227.8. Mayboom RH, Hekster YA, Egberts AC, Gribnau FW andEdwards IR. Causal or Casual, The role of causalityassessment in pharmacovigilance. Drug Saf. 1997;17(6):374-89.9. Hartwig SC, Siegel J, Schneider PJ. Preventability and severityassessment in reporting adverse drug reactions. Am J HospPharm 1992; 49: 2229-32.10. Shumock GT, Thornton JP, Witte WK. Comparison ofpharmacy-based concurrent surveillance and medical recordretrospective reporting of adverse drug reactions. Am J HospPharm. 1991;48:1974–6.Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice Volume 5 Issue 3 Jul - Sep, 2012 23