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Why isn’t Mexico onChina’s Growth Path?¿Por qué Méjico no se halla en la senda de crecimiento de China?Porque é que o México não está no Caminho do Crescimento da China?AREA: 2TYPE: Case91authorJames Gerber 1Director ofInternationalBusinessProfessor ofEconomicsSan Diego StateUniversityjgerber@mail.sdsu.eduA growth accounting framework is used with data from the Penn World Table to disaggregateand compare economic growth in Mexico and China, 1953-2007. China surpasses Mexico inboth the accumulation of physical capital and the growth of total factor productivity, implyingthat high savings rates are partially responsible for the growth differences, but additional forcesare also important. The catalog of potential variables is lengthy; this paper concentrates on geography(location) and institutions. In particular, the ability of Chinese state and local officials tosupport economic growth is striking.1. Corresponding Author:International BusinessProgram; San Diego StateUniversity; San Diego; CA92182-6038, USASe utiliza un marco de contabilidad del crecimiento con datos procedentes de la Tabla Mundial de Penn para desagrupary comparar el crecimiento económico en Méjico y China, 1953-2007. China supera a Méjico tanto en acumulación decapital físico como en crecimiento del factor de productividad total, lo que implica que las elevadas tasas de ahorro sonparcialmente responsables de las diferencias de crecimiento; no obstante, las fuerzas adicionales también son importantes.El catálogo de variables potenciales es amplio; este trabajo se concentra en la geografía (ubicación) y las instituciones. Enconcreto, la capacidad del estado chino y sus autoridades locales para respaldar el crecimiento económico es sorprendente.É utilizada uma estrutura de contabilização do crescimento, com dados da Tabela Mundial Penn, para desagregare comparar o crescimento económico no México e na China entre 1953-2007. A China ultrapassa o México, tantona acumulação de capital físico como no crescimento do factor de produtividade total, o que implica que as elevadastaxas de poupança são parcialmente responsáveis pelas diferenças de crescimento, mas as forças adicionais também sãoimportantes. O catálogo de variáveis potenciais é longo; este estudo concentra-se na geografia (localização) e nas instituições.Em particular, a capacidade do Estado chinês e dos responsáveis locais para apoiar o crescimento económicoé surpreendente.DOIReceivedAccepted10.3232/GCG.2012.V6.N1.05 03.05.2011 01.03.2012GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 91-106
921. Introduction: Mexico and China, similarities and differencesChina’s transformation from a socialist to capitalist economy and Mexico’s role as aleading Latin American reformer have generated strong interest among policy makersand social scientists since at least the 1980s. While it is uncommon to compare Chinaand Mexico, they have individually been the focus of a wide array of research related totheir recent economic performance 1 .Beginning in 1978, with Deng Xiao Ping’s cautiousopening and limited reforms, and intensifying after his Trip to the South in 1992, China’sgrowth took off, making it one of the fastest and most sustained examples of economicgrowth in human history. Mexico’s challenges were of a different sort, and the implementationof policy changes through the 1980s restored growth but did not turn Mexico intoa “Latin American Tiger”, on par with China or the other outstanding examples of highgrowth.A comparison between China and Mexico is potentially valuable precisely for its ability toshed light on this aspect of Mexico’s recent economic history. Why didn’t Mexico becomea “Latin American Tiger” after it implemented extensive reforms? Is China’s experiencerelevant? While definitive answers are beyond the scope of this paper, my intention isto join the debate, first through an analysis of growth patterns and second by pointingto geographical and structural differences that are not easily captured with a growth model.Ultimately, China’s lessons for Mexico and other countries must be filtered throughthe institutional and historical contexts of different places in different settings. Many ofthese differences are beyond the control of policy makers and will undoubtedly give riseto a wide range of explanations for different growth experiences, as has already begunwith the debate between the proponents of the Washington Consensus and the BeijingConsensus—the latter of which is itself subject to some debate over its definition 2 . Nevertheless,we can deepen our understanding of Mexico’s growth experiences if we holdthem up to the light of China’s remarkable growth record, looking for elements that mightbe duplicated and those that are beyond anyone’s control.Key WordsChina, Mexico,location,institutions,economic growthPalabras ClaveChina, Méjico,ubicación,instituciones,crecimientoeconómicoPalavras-chaveChina, México,localização,instituições,crescimentoeconómicoThe similarities between China and Mexico are perhaps more striking than might seemobvious at first glance. Both are large economies, whether measured by population orabsolute GDP 3 . In the late 1970s and early 1980s, both abandoned the economic policiesthey had pursed for decades, and both turned towards greater reliance on marketmechanisms as they began to strengthen and deepen their international economic integration.Both created regional growth that did not spread to the entire country and bothexperienced significant intra-country divergence of income levels among their states andprovinces, particularly after 1990 in China (Kawakami, 2004) and 1985 in Mexico (Chiquiar,2005).Another similarity is the demographic transition experienced in both countries. China andMexico each had significant declines in their population growth rates beginning in the1970s, although Mexico’s rate started its decline from a higher base and did not fall as1. China and Mexico have been the subject of a number of comparisons, for example Solinger (2009) compares the relationship between laborunions and the state and Lindau and Cheek (1998) compare political processes. Both center their research on the reform period.2. See Ramo (2004) and Huang (2011).JEL CodesO40, P503. According to Maddison (2010), Mexico is the 13 th largest economy in the world and China is the 2 nd largest when 2008 GDP is measuredin terms of purchasing power parity. In population, Mexico ranks #11 and China #1 in the world.GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 91-106
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Staff2. MULTINACIONALES, INVERSIÓN
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SELECCIÓN PROCEDURE PROCEDIMENTOIN
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Instrucciones para Autores y Proced
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INDEXACIÓN INDEXING INDEXAÇÃOInd
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Economic Relationships between Lati
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Miguel A. MontoyaThe rest of the pa
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International Joint Ventures among
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Japanese Foreign Direct Investment
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Edy Wongon ‘new economic geograph
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Edy WongIn today’s global market,
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Edy Wongdemand-side factors in the
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Edy Wongconsumption of Western luxu
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Edy WongReferences155Child, J.; Rod
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