Vol. 6 Num. 1 - GCG: Revista de GlobalizaciÃ³n, Competitividad y ...

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Clemente Hernández-Rodríguez & Raúl Francisco Montalvo-CorzoFigure 6 shows a map of the Mexican states and their economic activity related to businessclusters.71Figure 6: Entrepreneurial Clusters in MexicoSource: Portal Ciudadano del Gobierno Federal, 2009.Half of the clusters are closer to the center of the country. Companies naturally selectedproximity to Mexico’s capital city. The states of Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Chihuahua havea manufacturing history of many years, and the city of Tijuana in the state of Baja Californiahas developed thanks to the U.S. border and the advantage of abundant labor for companiesthat were located there in order to export to the northern neighbor.Clusters have emerged through an initiative in at least eight states (Neri, 2008). These statesare Nuevo León, Querétaro, Coahuila, Baja California, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Chihuahua,and Guanajuato 3 .Nuevo León represents the state with the largest manufacturing share given the evolution ofthe sector through the years. It holds cluster initiatives in the automotive, appliance, electrical/electronic,metal-mechanical, steel, glass, cement, information technology, and softwaresectors (Neri, 2008). The state government also considers latent clusters in other sectors,such as non-metallic minerals, food and beverages, and chemical products. Besides payingthe corresponding attention to the sectors in the implemented state development plan, thestate has clearly identified the clusters and has established government support institutions3. The order is carried out according to the state ranking in competitiveness in Mexico. ITESM (2010) is a study in which the 31 Mexican statesand the District Federal (DF) are classified according to their competitiveness.GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 55-90
Entrepreneurial Clusters in China and Mexico –implications for Competitiveness72 to encourage the operations of the value chain of each cluster, as well as to link them withthe academic area of the state at all levels, all this while using domestic support. NuevoLeón’s strength relies on a high availability of capital, high rates of labor productivity, and anefficient government (Neri, 2008; ITESM-FEMSA, 2009).The state of Querétaro operates an information technology cluster dedicated to softwaredevelopment services and call centers (Neri, 2008). The state government has shown in theirstrategic plans the intention to improve competitiveness. National supporting institutionsare used to motivate the agglomerations in the state. It holds a liaison body between clusterfirms and the government. Likewise, it is responsible for planning and linkage with academiaand other participants. It has established agreements with different universities to supportresearch, as well. Its place in the competitiveness ranking is mainly because of the efficiencyof the government (ITESM-FEMSA, 2009).Coahuila has an important role in the automotive industry for domestic consumption. Thestate government uses national support policies. There is no specific institution that organizesthe cluster, but the state government links the efforts of different participants. Thestate is competitive by maintaining a low debt risk, thus being a good container for foreigninvestment (Neri, 2008; ITESM-FEMSA, 2009).Baja California holds an information technology cluster called IT@Baja (Neri, 2008), and thestate government has carried out an analysis of the state’s vocation and also identified thefollowing as candidates to form a cluster: tourism, medical services, medicine, aerospace,electrical and electronics, automotive, electronic software, furniture, logistics, agribusiness,wine, biotechnology, fisheries and aquaculture, energy, and plastics (OECD, 2009a). To supportthem, it has implemented a “Strengthening and Creating Cluster Program” for planningand technology development. The North Border College (COLEF) supports research andhas created a Joint Fund to support the implementation of a technological developmentsystem with investments from companies and the state government, as well as cooperationagreements with multinational companies in the sector concerned. The state is competitivethrough business dynamics presented as the partnership between business and government(OECD, 2009b; ITESM-FEMSA, 2009).The state of Aguascalientes holds an electronics cluster initiative (Neri, 2008). The state governmenthas identified it and has included it in the state development plan. It has createdspecific institutions that provide services to the supply chain in terms of consulting and finance.In addition, an exclusive agency to attend to issues between the companies and the governmenthas also been created. It also promotes links with academia and research centersin the state. Currently, the state government encourages the development of other activitiesthat are present in the state and are to be clustered in the near future. Such is the case forthe food industry and its technology, trucking logistics, robotics and automation, and an integratedcluster of municipal products whose purpose is to promote the marketing of productsmade in the state. Its website displays information about these support institutions, which arein their infancy stage. In terms of competitiveness, the state is showing progress in businessinvestment as its main strength over the last decade (ITESM-FEMSA, 2009).Although Jalisco is a state with significant activity in the trade and service sector, it alsohas plenty of activity in the manufacturing sector through the operation of business groupsGCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 55-90
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CARTA DEL EDITOR IN CHIEFEditor in
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StaffDe la Torre, José, Dean, Chap
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Staff2. MULTINACIONALES, INVERSIÓN
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SELECCIÓN PROCEDURE PROCEDIMENTOIN
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Instrucciones para Autores y Proced
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INDEXACIÓN INDEXING INDEXAÇÃOInd
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Economic Relationships between Lati
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Page 35 and 36: 36Japanese Foreign Direct Investmen
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Page 117 and 118: Building the New Silk Road across t
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Building the New Silk Road across t
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Zhu HongboIn fact, some Latin Ameri
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Zhu Hongbo5. Conclusions135China an
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1. Introduction137China’s emergen
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Edy WongTable One: Compositions of
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Edy WongTable 2: China’s R & D Ex
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Edy Wongon ‘new economic geograph
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Edy WongIn today’s global market,
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Edy Wongdemand-side factors in the
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Edy Wongterms of quality, reliabili
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Edy Wongindustry. Second, value cha
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Edy Wongconsumption of Western luxu
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Edy WongReferences155Child, J.; Rod
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Vol. 6 Num. 1 - GCG: Revista de GlobalizaciÃ³n, Competitividad y ...

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