Vol. 6 Num. 1 - GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad y ...

Entrepreneurial Clusters in China and Mexico –implications for Competitiveness68development in information technology, and is found around Beijing and Tsinghua Universities,two of the best in China.Resource-driven clusters are formed by companies that depend on the availability of naturalresources, such as forestry, mining, or quarrying. In this way, China has developed furnitureand jewelry companies to continue their process of specialization and increase the quality oftheir products in general. Clusters of this classification can be found mainly in the provincesof Hunan and Jiangsu.In the market-driven type of clusters, there can be found wholesale distributors operating insupport of other clusters. Clusters can be classified as purely one type or another like thoselisted above, or as a mixture of the types.The massive development that China has experienced over the last thirty years lies in theseareas that have followed a plan organized by the government, with special attention topolicies that promote growth, while making efforts to integrate participants and improveclusters. However, links between the cluster participants are still weak (Liu, 2008).According to the Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC (2008) the following importantindustrial areas (clusters) are distinguished:Zhuongguancun (ZGC) in Beijing.• Zhangjiang high-tech park in Shanghai.• Pearl River Delta.• Bonai Bay.• Yangtze River.So far, the country has had outstanding growth in the global economy, but is still at the absorptionstage of technology in both equipment and knowledge to provide support to thecompetitiveness challenges it now faces.3.2. Cluster Policies in MexicoIn Mexico, efforts to enhance national productivity are held at the state level. Through theidentification of motor activities, some of the entities have been able to visualize and implementcluster initiatives, while others have naturally witnessed the growth of a sector intheir territories, and in order to organize their efforts, they have also established initiatives.Several support institutions have joined the efforts of each state or have arisen as a result ofplanning the cluster initiative (OECD, 2009a, 2009b).Companies are the main support for productivity, and must operate with a regional visionin conjunction with national efforts. In Mexico, national policies do not sufficiently stimulatecompetitiveness in all regions, so there is a lack of a coordinated approach to regional developmentpolicies and thus an uneven performance across the country. National policies havefocused on poverty or infrastructure with greater emphasis, rather than on the developmentof competitiveness (OECD, 2009b).GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 55-90