Vol. 6 Num. 1 - GCG: Revista de GlobalizaciÃ³n, Competitividad y ...

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Entrepreneurial Clusters in Chinaand Mexico –implications forCompetitivenessAREA: 2TYPE: Case55Clusters empresariales en China y Méjico: Implicaciones para la CompetitividadClusters empresariais na China e no México –implicações na CompetitividadeauthorsClementeHernández-Rodríguez 1Tecnológico deMonterrey, CampusGuadalajaraClemente.hernandez@itesm.mxThis research examines the common elements that we can find in the outcomes at a national levelresulting from clusters. There are 7 common elements of cluster impact, namely: (1) agglomerationeconomies; (2) knowledge spillovers; (3) increases in productivity and efficiency; (4) positive impactin the operation; (5) economic impact; (6) sociopolitical impact; and, last but not least, (7) impacts oncompetitiveness. This paper uses radars to compare the cases of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)and Mexico. From theses radars we can infer insights for decision makers. For instance, we recommenda cluster policy for Mexico.Raúl FranciscoMontalvo-CorzoTecnológico deMonterrey, CampusGuadalajararmontalvo@itesm.mxEsta investigación examina los elementos comunes que podemos encontrar en los resultados a nivel nacional derivados delos clusters. Existen 7 elementos comunes de impacto del clúster, en concreto: (1) economías de aglomeración; (2) fugas deconocimiento; (3) aumentos de productividad y eficiencia; (4) impacto positivo en la operación; (5) impacto económico; (6)impacto sociopolítico; y, por último, pero no menos importante, (7) los impactos sobre la competitividad. Este documentoutiliza radares para comparar los casos de la República Popular China (RPC) y Méjico. A partir de estos radares, podemosinferir nuevas perspectivas para las autoridades responsables de la toma de decisiones; por ejemplo, recomendamos unapolítica de clusters para Méjico.1. Corresponding Author:Tecnológico de Monterrey,Campus Guadalajara; Av.General Ramon Corona2514; Zapopan; Jalisco45201; Mexico.Esta investigação estuda os elementos comuns que podemos encontrar nos resultados a nível nacional resultantes de clusters.Existem 7 elementos comuns no impacto dos clusters, nomeadamente: (1) economias de aglomeração; (2) transferências deconhecimento; (3) aumento da produtividade e eficiência; (4) impacto positivo nas operações; (5) impacto económico; (6)impacto sociopolítico; e, por último, mas não menos importante, (7) impactos na competitividade. Este estudo utiliza radarespara comparar os casos da República Popular da China (RPC) e do México. A partir destes radares, podemos inferirconclusões para os responsáveis pela tomada de decisões. Por exemplo, recomendamos uma política de clusters para o México.DOIReceivedAccepted10.3232/GCG.2012.V6.N1.04 03.05.2011 01.03.2012GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 55-90
561. IntroductionClusters and industrial specialization have been of interest to researchers since the 19 thcentury. In the last decades we have witnessed business and industrial clusters utilizedas a tool to enhance competitiveness at the regional and national level. In this paper weseek to identify the different paths of the creation and outcome of clusters in the People’sRepublic of China (PRC) and Mexico. The driving questions are what the positive effectsof a cluster policy are, and what implications they have for policy makers and businesspeople.We consider clusters a tool that potentiates and provides fuel to a nation’s economicgrowth by linking the agents responsible for productivity and wealth creation. Thus, inorder to disclose the effects that the clusters have had in the emerging economies ofboth the PRC and Mexico, in this research, we took the following steps. The first stepwas to define business and industrial clusters (presented in the next section). Once thatinformation was compiled, the common elements of the definitions were grouped intocategories. Specifically, six dimensions and parameters were set for the advantages ofan industrial cluster: (1) agglomeration economies; (2) knowledge spillovers; (3) increasesin productivity and efficiency; (4) positive impact in the operation; (5) economic impact;and (6) sociopolitical impact. Those six elements plus (7) impact on competitivenesswere embodied in the dimensions of radars created to compare the cases of the PRCand Mexico.This study is useful for decision makers. First, for the policy makers, it allows a full identificationof the advantages of having an explicit cluster policy. Public entities may affectthe system by setting up an environment for productive business performance throughthe creation and enforcement of rules governing the operations of enterprises in the localeconomy. Second, for business people, it will guide them to determine the important variablesin the instauration of a business aggregation that will be helpful in creating wealth.For instance, it is important to have clusters (agglomerations of firms) in a region andmake organizing efforts a priority, so that these efforts can be translated into economicdevelopment, since clustering offers such benefits.Key wordsBusiness Clusters,China, Mexico,Cluster PolicyPalabras claveClustersempresariales,China, Méjico,Política de clustersPalavras-chaveClustersEmpresariais,China, México,Política de ClustersThis paper is divided into five sections. In the first section we have a literature reviewregarding industrial and business clusters. In this section we analyze the definition ofclusters, and highlight the common elements, disadvantages, and advantages found inthe literature related to clusters. The second section presents a profile of the industrialclusters in both the Chinese and Mexican cases and compares the policies used to implementclusters in the two countries. The third section shows the methodology used toconstruct radars that allow us to compare the impacts of the clusters. The fourth sectionmakes a comparison between China and Mexico in the seven cluster advantages dimensions.The last section presents some concluding remarks.JEL CodesM13; F23GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 55-90
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CARTA DEL EDITOR IN CHIEFEditor in
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1081. IntroductionChina and Latin A
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1161. A Brief History of Economic r
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Building the New Silk Road across t
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1. Introduction137China’s emergen
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Edy WongTable One: Compositions of
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Edy Wongdemand-side factors in the
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Edy WongReferences155Child, J.; Rod
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