Vol. 6 Num. 1 - GCG: Revista de GlobalizaciÃ³n, Competitividad y ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Zhu HongboIn fact, some Latin American countries were not satisfied with these exports, or with the importof labor-intensive goods such as shoes, garments, and textiles, which could have provideda lot of jobs. This was not a trade issue, but also a political and social issue, especiallyfor votes and elections.133For China, the most important goal was to improve its export structure, producing fewerlabor-intensive goods and more high-tech manufactured goods. They should compete withJapan, the EU, and the US in Latin American markets and world high-tech markets, but notcompete with Latin American in its domestic labor-intensive market.But this process will take some time to improve the trade structure for both sides. LatinAmerica, especially South America, will continue to take advantage of the growing Chinesemarket for energy, food, and mine resources. China will take a lot of time to improve itsexport structure, not only to export more high-tech goods, but also to absorb the abundantdomestic labor force, which consisted of more than 100 million migrant workers, the sameas the population of Mexico.With economic development and more labor needs, there have not been enough laborers inChina since 2008. The salaries of workers are increasing, and some of the factories that needlarge number of labors are moving away from China. This will influence the trade betweenChina and Latin America in the future.5.4. Fourth, more investments from both sides should be the focusExcept for investments to Caribbean tax havens, investments have been very small for bothsides. The Chinese government encouraged investments from the world, which were mainlyfrom Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, the US, the EU,and other regions and countries. Latin American investment was welcomed as well.In the late 1990s, the Chinese government began to urge Chinese companies both publicand private to “go out”, that is, invest abroad and pursue internationalization. The publiccompanies usually invested in energy, mine resources, and infrastructure; and the privatecompanies focused on the manufacturing sector, such as electronics, automobile, officeequipment, and so on.Chinese companies met lots of challenges in Latin America, including the business environment,cultural difference, and political and legal stability. For example, some businessmen inLatin America paid more attention to higher taxes, less tax reduction, the high cost of waterand electricity, the legal difference between national level and government level, the difficultyof getting visas for employees, the unskilled and unstable employment force, complicatedcustoms procedures, corruptions of local officials, and local securities 33 .33. Consulate-General of the People’s Republic of China Tijuana, Seminar of Chinese Businessmen and companies hosted by Consulate-GeneralTijuana, April 19, 2010 (only available in mandarin) http://tijuana.chineseconsulate.org/chn/hqhr/t683316.htmGCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 115-135
Building the New Silk Road across the Pacific. Economic and trade relations between Chinaand Latin America after the Financial Crisis in 2008134 Pubic companies from China faced different environments and challenges, especially due tothe influence of the political relations between China and Latin America. Large public companiesplayed a very important role in investment abroad, with more government supportand more financial resources, especially in infrastructure, mine resources, and energy. But atthe same time, they were also put into an unfavorable position because of their governmentbackground. More cooperation and trust were badly needed between Chinese and LatinAmerican governments.5.5. Fifth, a Summit conference between China and the Latin America and Caribbeanregion is necessary and possible, but more effort and time are neededIn 2000, the China-Africa Cooperation Forum was built, and the China-Africa Summit washeld in Beijing in 2006; this is a good example of such cooperation.As said above, government cooperation was necessary for more investment and bettertrade relations. Why not have a China-Latin America Cooperation Forum and a China-LatinAmerica Summit?In February, 2010, the Latin American and Caribbean Unity Summit was held in Cancun,Mexico, and proposed that the Latin America and the Caribbean Community would be formed.This will lay a good foundation for future cooperation between China and this region.But we also should face the reality that there are lots of political, economic, and internationalfactors that will influence future cooperation. Latin American and Caribbean countrieshave different national interests, political situations, ideologies, economies, trade relationswith China, and diplomatic relations. More efforts and time are needed in the future for theconcerted policy and actions that are necessary in foreign relations.At the same time, the Chinese government should also have a different policy towards differentLatin American and Caribbean countries. South America, Mexico, Central America,and the Caribbean have totally different trade models and interests with China, and no singlepolicy is enough to deal with the increasingly complicated relations between them.Last but not least, the triangle relations between China, Latin America, and the US shouldbe put into consideration, since the cooperation of the US is necessary and inevitable inthis region. A successful trade and investment cooperation will bring prosperity, peace, andbetter welfare for both Chinese and Latin American people, which will consolidate the newdemocracy in this region. It is in the national interest of the US, and helps with its diplomaticaims in this region as well.GCG GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSIA ENERO-ABRIL 2012 VOL. 6 NUM. 1 ISSN: 1988-7116pp: 115-135
Page 2 and 3:
CARTA DEL EDITOR IN CHIEFEditor in
Page 5 and 6:
StaffDe la Torre, José, Dean, Chap
Page 7 and 8:
Staff2. MULTINACIONALES, INVERSIÓN
Page 9 and 10:
SELECCIÓN PROCEDURE PROCEDIMENTOIN
Page 11 and 12:
Instrucciones para Autores y Proced
Page 14:
INDEXACIÓN INDEXING INDEXAÇÃOInd
Page 17 and 18:
Economic Relationships between Lati
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21:
Page 24 and 25:
Miguel A. MontoyaThe rest of the pa
Page 27 and 28:
International Joint Ventures among
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
36Japanese Foreign Direct Investmen
Page 37 and 38:
Japanese Foreign Direct Investment
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
561. IntroductionClusters and indus
Page 57 and 58:
Entrepreneurial Clusters in China a
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82: Entrepreneurial Clusters in China a
Page 91 and 92: 921. Introduction: Mexico and China
Page 93 and 94: Why isn’t Mexico on China’s Gro
Page 107 and 108: 1081. IntroductionChina and Latin A
Page 109 and 110: Promote China-Latin American Relati
Page 115 and 116: 1161. A Brief History of Economic r
Page 117 and 118: Building the New Silk Road across t
Page 134 and 135: Zhu Hongbo5. Conclusions135China an
Page 136 and 137: 1. Introduction137China’s emergen
Page 138 and 139: Edy WongTable One: Compositions of
Page 140 and 141: Edy WongTable 2: China’s R & D Ex
Page 142 and 143: Edy Wongon ‘new economic geograph
Page 144 and 145: Edy WongIn today’s global market,
Page 146 and 147: Edy Wongdemand-side factors in the
Page 148 and 149: Edy Wongterms of quality, reliabili
Page 150 and 151: Edy Wongindustry. Second, value cha
Page 152 and 153: Edy Wongconsumption of Western luxu
Page 154: Edy WongReferences155Child, J.; Rod
show all

Vol. 6 Num. 1 - GCG: Revista de GlobalizaciÃ³n, Competitividad y ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?