Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfectant ...
Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfectant ... Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfectant ...
Chloramination Process24• All of the free chlorine will be converted tomonochloramine when the pH is between 6.5 and8.5 and the ratio of chlorine to ammonia isequimolar, 5:1 by weight or less. Since thisreaction is pH sensitive, the rate of reaction isimportant.• Reaction rates for 99% conversion of freechlorine to monochloramine at 25 Degrees C.pH 2 4 7 8.3Seconds 421 147 0.2 0.009– This is why optimum pH is 6.5 to 8.5Disinfection
Chloramination Process25• Chlorine atoms occur in pairs and have acombined weight of just over 70 atomic massunits.• The weight of ammonia is measured as N (whichis why it is often expressed as NH 3 -N), andnitrogen has an atomic mass of 14.• The difference between the weight of chlorineand ammonia (70 / 14 = 5) establishes thechlorine to ammonia weight ratio of 5:1.Disinfection
- Page 1 and 2: 1Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage
- Page 3 and 4: 3Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974•
- Page 5 and 6: Stage 2 Rule5• The Stage 2 Disinf
- Page 7 and 8: Chemistry of Chlorination7• Free
- Page 9 and 10: 9Chemistry of Chlorination• Free
- Page 11 and 12: 11Chemistry of Chlorine• Atomic N
- Page 13 and 14: 13Chemistry of Chlorination• Duri
- Page 15 and 16: 15History of Monochloramine Use•
- Page 17 and 18: 17Chemistry of ChloraminesThe Basic
- Page 19 and 20: 19Chemistry of Chloramines• The m
- Page 21 and 22: 21CleanWaterDBP: Free Chlorine Trea
- Page 23: Chloramination Process23• To form
- Page 27 and 28: 27Chemical AdditionChemicalFeed Rat
- Page 29 and 30: 29Chemical Addition• Goal: 5:1 we
- Page 31 and 32: 31Measurement ChallengesPhotometry,
- Page 33 and 34: 33Desired Analyzer Design FeaturesP
- Page 35 and 36: 35Desired Analyzer Design FeaturesQ
- Page 37 and 38: 37Summary of Desired FeaturesA cont
- Page 39 and 40: 39Measuring Process1. Zero measurem
- Page 41 and 42: Monochloramine Monitoring41• Chlo
- Page 43 and 44: Would You Benefit?43• Would you b
- Page 45: 45Questions?Thank you for your atte
Chloramination Process25• Chlorine atoms occur in pairs <strong>and</strong> have acombined weight <strong>of</strong> just over 70 atomic massunits.• The weight <strong>of</strong> ammonia is measured as N (whichis why it is <strong>of</strong>ten expressed as NH 3 -N), <strong>and</strong>nitrogen has an atomic mass <strong>of</strong> 14.• The difference between the weight <strong>of</strong> chlorine<strong>and</strong> ammonia (70 / 14 = 5) establishes thechlorine to ammonia weight ratio <strong>of</strong> 5:1.Disinfection
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