Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfectant ...

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10Chemistry of Chlorination• Chlorine, an element in the halogen family, isrepresented by the symbol Cl. It has oneunpaired electron in its outer valence shellmaking it highly reactive and an oxidizing agent.unpairedelectronDisinfection
11Chemistry of Chlorine• Atomic Number 17, 17 positively charged protons in the nucleuswhich are neutralized by the 17 negatively charged electrons in aseries of outer shells• These shells, which applies to most every atom in the periodic table,will be full and stable at 8 electrons.(Octet Rule)(Noble Gases)• Chlorine is in group 7 in the periodic table which means it has 7electrons in its outer shell which are used in bonding.• If chlorine were to lose these 7 electrons, then the 7 protons in thenucleus would be in excess giving chlorine a valence(oxidation state)of +7.• This is not how it works, chlorine by definition(Octet Rule) wants tohave a full outer shell(8e’s) so it takes on one electron to have anoverall valence of -1. Thus giving a stable chlorine radical of Cl -1• Chemistry is the constant attraction and repelling of electrons. Theforces that cause bonding are simply just electrons combining withother electrons.Disinfection
Page 1 and 2: 1Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage
Page 3 and 4: 3Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974•
Page 5 and 6: Stage 2 Rule5• The Stage 2 Disinf
Page 7 and 8: Chemistry of Chlorination7• Free
Page 9: 9Chemistry of Chlorination• Free
Page 13 and 14: 13Chemistry of Chlorination• Duri
Page 15 and 16: 15History of Monochloramine Use•
Page 17 and 18: 17Chemistry of ChloraminesThe Basic
Page 19 and 20: 19Chemistry of Chloramines• The m
Page 21 and 22: 21CleanWaterDBP: Free Chlorine Trea
Page 23 and 24: Chloramination Process23• To form
Page 25 and 26: Chloramination Process25• Chlorin
Page 27 and 28: 27Chemical AdditionChemicalFeed Rat
Page 29 and 30: 29Chemical Addition• Goal: 5:1 we
Page 31 and 32: 31Measurement ChallengesPhotometry,
Page 33 and 34: 33Desired Analyzer Design FeaturesP
Page 35 and 36: 35Desired Analyzer Design FeaturesQ
Page 37 and 38: 37Summary of Desired FeaturesA cont
Page 39 and 40: 39Measuring Process1. Zero measurem
Page 41 and 42: Monochloramine Monitoring41• Chlo
Page 43 and 44: Would You Benefit?43• Would you b
Page 45: 45Questions?Thank you for your atte

Impact of EPA Drinking Water Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfectant ...

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