Health and Family Welfare and AYUSH 81• Rajasthan:Partners:Services:• West Bengal:Partners:Services:Box 3.1.10Public–Private Partnership (PPP)Medicare Relief Society, SMS Hospital, Jaipur, and Vardhman Scanning and Imaging Private Ltd.Contracting in Radiological diagnostic services in the public hospitals.Provision of quality drugs and supplies cheaper than market rate. All this free for BPL patients above70 years of age and freedom fighters; pre-negotiated rates for others.Government of West Bengal, Mediclue, District Health & FW Societies, Private partners, M/S Doctors Laboratoryand Non Profit NGOs.CT Scan in seven medical colleges, MRI in one medical college hospital, diagnostic facilities in 30 ruralhospitals, and running of 133 ambulances for emergency transport under management of NGOs/CBOs atthe level of Block PHCs.• Uttarakhand:Partners: Government of Uttarakhand, DST, GoI and Uttaranchal Institute of Scientific Research, Bhimtal (NGO).Services: Mobile Health Services—Diagnostic, Laboratory, and Clinical Services through mobile vans. Dedicated healthcamps in 6 districts of western part of Uttarakhand.• Karnataka:Partners:Services:Partners:Services:• Gujarat:Partners:Services:Government of Karnataka and Apollo Hospitals Enterprises Ltd, Hyderabad Rajiv Gandhi Super SpecialtyHospital, Raichur handed to Apollo Hospital under management contract.350 bedded hospital. Free services to BPL patients, 40% beds for BPL (government reimburses the charges)and remaining patients treated under special rates.Government of Karnataka & Karuna Trust.Contracting out adoption and management of PHCs and affiliated SCs in remote, rural, and tribal areas inthe State.24 hrs health services—OPD, emergency services, electrocardiogram (ECG), X-ray, laboratory, immunization,national health programmes, RCH programme, 20 bed patient ward, and ambulance.Government of Gujarat and Private Doctors (Obstetricians and Gynecologists).Chiranjeevi Yojana: Private Doctors (Obstetricians) are contracted for deliveries both normal and caesarianof BPL women at their facilities.• Arunachal Pradesh:Partners: Government of Arunachal Pradesh & VHAI, Karuna Trust, Future Generations, and Prayas.Services: Management of selected PHCs.• Andhra Pradesh:Partners: Government of Andhra Pradesh and Social Action for Integrated Development Services, Adilabad (NGO)Services : Urban Slum health care project. Contracting in (performance contract but without any public premisesbeing handed over to the private partner).Partners: Government of Andhra Pradesh & New India Assurance Company.Services : Arogya Raksha Scheme based on vouchers.Funded by the government, operational management by the public sector company, and service delivery byprivate health service providers.• Tamil Nadu:Partners:Services:Note: FW = Family Welfare.Government of Tamil Nadu & the Seva Nilayam Society in association with Ryder-Cheshire Foundation(NGOs).Performance contract for the provision of emergency ambulance services in the region. Ambulances areowned by the government.
82 <strong>Eleventh</strong> <strong>Five</strong> <strong>Year</strong> <strong>Plan</strong>to develop a generic framework for different categoriesof PPPs at primary, secondary, and tertiary levelsof health care to improve cost-effectiveness, enhancequality, and expand access through extensive stakeholderconsultations. Contracting out well-specifiedand delimited projects such as immunization canhelp enhance accountability. Setting up of diagnosticand therapeutic centres (facilities that are not availablein hospital) by private players in hospital premiseswill be encouraged. Government may consider givingthem an infrastructure status in those geographicalareas by providing incentives like land at concessionalrates, increasing floor area ratio and groundcoverage, tax holiday, and loan at concessional rates.However, emphasis would be on model contractualagreements with specific performance requirementsto be measured by the civil society. Costs will bebuilt in.Health Insurance: Protecting the Poor3.1.88 In India, due to huge geographical area, verylarge population, and inequity of resources, ensuringgood health for all, particularly the poor, is a complexissue. Our health system is a mix of the public andprivate sectors, with the NGOs and civil society stillplaying a very small (though important) role.3.1.89 The 60th Round of the NSSO (2004–05), hasclearly brought out the fact that in rural governmenthospitals, an out-of-pocket expenditure of morethan Rs 3000 is made during every hospitalization. Inrural private hospitals, it is more than Rs 7000. Theexpenditure in the urban areas in private hospitals ismore than Rs 11000 and about three times higher thanthe public hospitals. Today, this expenditure wouldhave increased substantially. Private out-of-pocketexpenditure can be reduced through ComprehensiveHealth Insurance, on a risk pooling basis for all, particularlythe poor.3.1.90 Coverage of health insurance in India is patheticallylimited. Current health insurance in governmentand private sector covers around 11% of the population.The existing Employees State Insurance Scheme,Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS), andEx-Servicemen Contributory Health Scheme provideservices to industrial workers, government employees,and ex-Armed Forces Personnel along with theirfamilies. Mediclaim covers mainly the upper-middleincome groups. Private health insurance schemes aremainly urban oriented and they have problems likeunaffordable premiums, delay in settling claims, nontransparentprocedures in deciding reimbursements,etc. Even though the system of TPAs has facilitated cashpayments and expanded access to providers it is yet toshow evidence of having been able to control cost orprovide appropriate care.ENCOURAGE COMMUNITY RISK-POOLING3.1.91 Providing financial protection to the poorduring hospitalization will have an immediate impacton alleviating indebtedness. Local governments willidentify population at risk and provide a revolvingfund to be managed by a consortium of SHGs.This consortium would also encourage small savingsby households and whenever required, give needyhouseholds, a cash support of Rs 5000 to Rs 10000for hospitalization, catastrophic illness, and death.This will save households from immediate financialdebt at the point of crisis. They would repay thismoney at a modest interest rate within an appropriatetime frame so that the village health risk pool doesnot fall below Rs 1 lakh. During the <strong>Plan</strong>, pilots willbe undertaken in selected States under NRHM andNUHM. The scheme will empower SHGs, enablehouseholds to access micro-credit, and also recoverfrom financial stress during treatment of illness.COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH INSURANCE (CBHI)3.1.92 Evidence suggests that well-designed andmanaged CBHI schemes coupled with behaviouralchange campaigns and other interventions increase thequality of health care. Easy and low cost accessibilityto health care can protect the households from indebtednessarising from high medical expenditure. Theseschemes can be implemented in areas where institutionalcapacity is too weak to organize mandatorynation-wide risk pooling.3.1.93 CBHI is ‘any not-for-profit insurance schemethat is aimed primarily at the informal sectorand formed on the basis of a collective poolingof health risks and the members participating in itsmanagement’. What distinguishes these schemes from
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