Eleventh Five Year Plan

Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Clean Living Conditions 177the water bodies in which it is drained. Cities need totreat the sewage from the entire city.5.72 Growing urbanization has made storm waterdraining systems inadequate increasing the frequencyof flooding of cities like Mumbai.PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF THE SECTOR INTENTH PLAN5.73 The Tenth Plan targeted a coverage of providingsewerage and sanitation facilities to 75% of the populationfrom 57% at the beginning of the Plan. Aninvestment requirement of Rs 23157 crore was workedout for sanitation and Rs 2322 crore for SWM. Therewas no scheme at the beginning of the Tenth Planto assist the States in the sanitation sector and thePlan recommended an enhanced scope for the AUWSPto include sanitation. With the launch of JNNURMand UIDSSMT, the AUWSP programme is subsumedin UIDSSMT and the scheme now includes fundingfor sanitation also.5.74 The Central Scheme of Solid Waste Managementand Drainage in airfield towns was also launchedin the Tenth Plan. Bird hits are among the majorcauses of air crashes in our country leading to theloss of costly defence aircrafts and loss of invaluablelives of pilots. An Inter-Ministerial Joint Sub-Groupconstituted by the Ministry of Defence recommendedto provide proper sanitation facilities, includingSWM and drainage to over-come the bird menace inthe following 10 towns having airfields of the IndianAir Force at Gwalior (MP), Ambala (Haryana), Hindon(UP), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Tezpur (Assam), Dundigal(AP), Sirsa (Haryana), Adampur (Punjab), Pune(Maharashtra), and Bareilly (UP).5.75 All the schemes are under execution and are atdifferent stages of execution and were expected to becompleted in the Tenth Plan itself, but have not beencompleted.ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN TARGETS FORURBAN SANITATION5.76 The target fixed for urban sanitation is 100%population coverage with 70% by sewerage facilityand 30% by low-cost sanitation. For SWM 100%population is proposed to be covered with appropriateSWM. It has been estimated that the fund requirementfor these programmes is Rs 53168 crore forsanitation and Rs 2212 crore for SWM.5.77 While funds to the tune of Rs 40000 crore wouldbe available from the JNNURM for water supply andsanitation, at this stage it would be difficult to predictthe availability for sanitation and SWM separately.External assistance could be tapped and States/UTsshould increase their outlays in their regular budgetfor these programmes. Some amount of contributionby beneficiaries is desirable as it reflects their need.Leverage of funds through PPP should also be used.5.78 The importance of effective administration andcitizen cooperation in SWM cannot be overestimated.The case of Surat shows what these can be accomplished(see Box 5.7).5.79 Initiatives Required inEleventh Five Year Plan• Recycling and reuse of sewage after the desired degreeof treatment (depending upon the end use) forvarious non-potable purposes should be encouraged.Industries and commercial establishmentsmust be persuaded to adopt reuse of treated sewageand recycle treated trade effluents to the extent possiblein order to cut down the fresh water demand.Box 5.7Success in SWM—The Case of SuratThe outbreak of a plague-like disease in Surat in 1994brought solid waste to the attention of the public. Thecontrast between the scrupulously clean Indian homes andthe heaps of rubbish and filth commonly found in theurban public spaces was much discussed in the newspapersof the day. Urban filth was deemed to be bad for bothpublic health and the urban economy.Accordingly, the situation created an intense politicalwill to clean up the city. Money and professional managementwas mobilized on a PSP/PPP basis and there was amajor cleaning of the urban areas. Today, Surat is one ofthe cleanest cities in India, indicating how rapidly andeffectively this can be achieved if political will and theorganization are present.