3.0—Home Security and Surveillance Systems

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132 Chapter ................................................ 3 Modern home design should include at least one of each type. Smoke and heat detectors should be located in each sleeping area and on each story of the home and placed on the ceiling or on the wall 6''–12'' from the ceiling. Remember that heat and smoke detectors operate on different types of technology. Heat detectors react to abrupt changes and go into an alarm condition when a temperature changes rapidly or reaches a fixed value. Smoke alarms do not react to heat but go into an alarm condition when smoke enters the sensor area. The two main types of smoke detectors are ionization and photoelectric. Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring can be incorporated into the design of a home security and surveillance system to monitor the status of specific conditions. This might be applicable to rural homes, vineyard owners, farmers, fruit growers, and ranchers. Environment monitoring includes the tracking and measurement of external as well as internal parameters. The following are examples of the types of environmental data that can be monitored with existing sensor systems: ➤ Inside and outside temperatures ➤ Barometric pressure ➤ Frost alarm ➤ Minimum and maximum temperature memory ➤ Temperature trend indicator ➤ Humidity Emergency Response Systems An emergency response system is a valuable optional enhancement to a home security system. A large number of designs are available from which to choose, depending on the personal needs of members of the household. A personal emergency response system is usually designed for elderly or disabled individuals living alone who need to contact a doctor or relatives in an emergency with a minimal number of actions. Systems are available incorporating some or all of the following physical and functional features: ➤ Emergency response requests—These are initiated by the user using a miniature wireless radio transmitter with a built-in help button carried or worn as a pendant by the user. Transmitters are lightweight, batterypowered devices activated by pressing one or two buttons.
................................................ 3.0—Home Security and Surveillance Systems 133 ➤ A receiver console connected to the telephone—This receives radio signals from the user’s transmitter and dials an emergency response center number. ➤ An emergency response center—This is similar to an alarm monitoring service except the personnel in an emergency response center are experienced medical response personnel. Temperature Sensors Temperature sensors are used as one component of an environmental monitoring and security system mentioned earlier. They are normally used to monitor high and low temperature values in vacation homes, water pipes, furnace and heating vents, outside farm buildings, computer equipment, utility rooms, or areas that might sustain damage with extreme temperature swings. Temperature sensors are often integrated with a central controller that includes a display, a keypad, and an automatic telephone dialer that can alert the homeowner or monitoring center when temperature limits are exceeded. Temperature sensors use a variety of electronic designs and components to measure temperature, including both analog and digital signal outputs that change value with a change in temperature and operate remote switches or active alarms. Location Considerations when Designing a Security or Fire Alarm System Each component of a home security and surveillance system is designed to be used in a specific location. Window sensors have requirements that are different from door sensor requirements, and smoke and heat detectors each have special location requirements. Computer systems can be integrated with control protocols such as X10 and CEBus to operate and manage security systems. In the following paragraphs, you will discover how smoke detectors work and where they are located. Also covered are the functional design requirements for various types of home security system components. Home Utility Outlet Specifications Home security systems require a number of utility outlets to support the installation of sensors, sirens, controllers, surveillance cameras, security lights, and motion detectors throughout the home. New construction provides the
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