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RATOONING IN CHINA 81Table 1. Reports on yields of rice main crop (MC) and ratoon crop (RC) during the 1970s. aVariety orLocation Year hybridMaturity(d)Grain yield(t/ha)MC RC MC RCCuttingheight(cm)ReferenceNanchangJiangxi1976Shan You 2 164706.05.223.3(13)LinglingHunan1979Yang Xian 203 132627.75.016.6-20.0(10)JianglinSichuanWuchangHubeiChengduSichuanJingmenHubeiFoshanGuangdongForhanGuangdongFoshanGuangdongFoshanGuangdongZhaoquingGuangdongChengduSichuan1977197719771976197719791974197519751977Nan You 2140-150IR 29 137Shu Feng 1 115-125IR 29 120IR 24XiaojiahuoGuangerai170 b192 b154 bIR 24 157 bZhenzhuai/ 155IR 661Shu Feng 1 13050-6054605492103928569707.07.27.35.68.49.87.56.48.05.84.73.83.43.28.78.45.54.93.63.145.646.630.026.61.6-3.31.6-3.31.0-2.01.0-2.0G roundlevel5.0(11)(9)(2)(8)(7)(7)(6)(6)(20)(15)a R ecords of grain yield over 3.0 t/ha with data needed were adopted. Most of them were obtainedfrom small areas. b Complementary data from the original author, agronomist, Huang,Dao-You, Foshan Prefecture Agricultural Research institute, Guangdong Province.also expanded; in Sichuan Province, for instance, 16,000 ha were planted to ratoonrice in 1977, 18,666 ha in 1978.Important information was obtained from those studies (Table 1):1) Some varieties and hybrid rices were promising for ratooning. Theseincluded Yang Xian 203, IR24, and Shu Feng 1 and the hybrids Ai You 1,Nan You 2, and Shan You 2.2) High yield records were set. The IR24 ratoon crop yielded 8.73 t/ha;including the main crop, yield totaled as high as 17.15 t/ha in FoshanPrefecture Agricultural Research Institute, Guangdong Province, in 1977.Ai You 4 and other varieties yielded 6.57-8.17 t/ha for the main crop and5.07-5.88 t/ha for the ratoon crop. Two crops yielded 11.66-14.20 t/ha inFujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Sichuan Provinces (12).There were two main patterns of ratooning:1. Low cutting (below 4-5 cm) height. Low cutting-height ratoon with highyielding potential (4.5-8.2) t/ha and long growth duration (about 90-100 d)can be grown only in conventional double-cropping rice areas. Verysensitive cultivation is an essential prerequisite for its success.
82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting height (17-30 cm). High cutting-height ratoon with high yield(about 7.5 t/ha) and 55-60 d ratoon growth duration can fully utilize therice-growing season to get a higher yield from the two crops. Such a ratooncould fit well with single crop medium-duration rice. Single crop mediumdurationhybrid rice ratoon is promising.Intensive water management is needed for a low cutting-height ratoon crop;otherwise, an increase in number of missing hills and a decrease in regeneration ratewould reduce grain yield considerably. In addition, severe weed competition, lowfertilizer efficiency, and widespread occurrence of insect pest incidence contribute togreater loss. Since high cutting-height ratoon did not fully use the available growingseason in the double rice cropping area, low yield was obtained.Experiments on and production of ratoon rice in the conventional doublecroppingareas were discontinued in the late 1970s.On the other hand, in the single-crop, medium-duration rice area, the prospectof good ratoon varieties and hybrids and high yield was still attractive to riceworkers. A new breeding program was started to develop high-yielding varieties orhybrids for main crop and ratoon ratoon yields, which would fit in well in themidseason ratoon cropping system. For example, a ratoon collaborative experimentalnetwork was set up in 1979; more than 2,000 varieties were screened andevaluated for the breeding program.With this approach to line selection, it is possible to get good ratoon varietieswith high yield for main crop and high inherent ratooning ability. On the other hand,evaluating ratooning ability according to tillering after cutting has not led to thesuccessful development of a good ratoon variety (14). High sterility in the main cropmay result in high tillering in the ratoon crop. In such cases, the main crop yield is toolow to get a high yield for both main and ratoon crops.From this research it was learned that• ratooning ability should be evaluated when the main crop is at the ripeningstage and shows high yield traits.• number of germinating buds on stubble and elongating length (3-6 cm orabove) rather than tillering after harvest should be used to identify ability.In the meantime, some physiological and cultural studies on ratooning werecarried out in Guangdong, Hubei, and Yuanan Provinces: (Studies on thedistribution of photosynthetic products and the absorption of nitrogen nutrients inregenerative rice by using isotopes 14 C and 15 N (19), and others.)All such research served as foundation for ratoon rice development in thesucceeding years.The above information involves research and utilization of short-staturedvarieties and hybrid rice ratooning in the 1970s.Trend toward expansion of ratoon cultureA new ratoon variety. 40-1 is an early medium-duration hsien (indica) varietydeveloped by the Food Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of AgriculturalSciences. Its growth duration is 132 d for the main crop and 60 d for the ratooncrop (1). When the main crop ripens, the buds at ground level and above elongate orgrow out of the leaf sheaths. The main crop still set well (filled grain = 87%,
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
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Genetics and varietal improvementIn
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2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
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4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
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6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
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8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
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10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
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12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
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14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
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Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
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Page 39 and 40: 32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
Page 41 and 42: 34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
Page 43 and 44: 36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
Page 45 and 46: 38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
Page 47 and 48: 40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
Page 49 and 50: 42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
Page 51 and 52: 44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54: 46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55 and 56: 48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 57 and 58: 50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
Page 59 and 60: 52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63: Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
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Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
Page 87: 80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
Page 91 and 92: 84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
Page 94 and 95: Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
Page 96 and 97: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 98 and 99: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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Page 102: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 105 and 106: 98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
Page 107 and 108: 100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
Page 109 and 110: 102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
Page 112 and 113: Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
Page 114 and 115: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 116: RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
Page 119 and 120: 112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
Page 121 and 122: 114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
Page 123 and 124: 116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
Page 126 and 127: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 128 and 129: RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
Page 130 and 131: Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
Page 132 and 133: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 134 and 135: RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
Page 136 and 137: Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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