RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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BREEDING AND TESTING FOR RATOONING ABILITY IN TEXAS 49main crop yielded 8.2 t and the ratoon crop 3.6 t/ha. Table 3 presents additionalevidence of the contribution a ratoon crop can make to total yield.Most of the research relative to ratooning at Beaumont consists of data fromthe annual Regional Uniform Rice Nurseries. The nurseries are primarily performancetrials of advanced breeding lines from Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas.The emphasis is on main crop yields, milling and cooking quality, disease reaction,lodging resistance, and maturity. Ratoon yields generally have been obtained only inthe early-maturing groups in Texas.Although these nurseries were not designed to study ratooning in anyfundamental way, they provide a relatively large body of data that can contributevaluable information relative to the association of ratooning ability with otherimportant agronomic characteristics and climatic factors in the Gulf coast area ofTexas and Louisiana. Some of the important associations in a breeding program forTable 2. Main and ratoon crop yields for selections in the very early group (GroupI) of the Regional Uniform Rice Nurseries, at Beaumont, Texas, 1978.SelectionYield (t/ha) aMain crop Ratoon crop Total yieldRU7802003RU7801011RU7602015RU7801004RU7603009LabellaRU7703008RU7802010RU7801001RU7703005RU7701014RU7802013RU7703012RU7801007RU7502006RU7702016Mean6.9 a6.8 ab6.6 abc6.6 abc6.4 abcd6.3 abcde6.3 abcde6.1 bcde6.1 bcde6.1 bcde5.9 cdef5.9 cdef5.8 def5.8 def5.6 ef5.3 f6.11.8 bcd1.4 def1.6 cde1.7 bcde1.0 gh2.1 b0.8 h2.0 bc1.3 efg1.3 efg1.6 cde1.2 fgh1.6 cde2.1 b2.7 a2.1 b1.68.8 a8.2 abcd8.2 abcd8.3 abc7.4 def8.4 ab7.0 ef8.1 abcd7.4 def7.4 def7.5 cdef7.0 f7.4 def7.9 bcde8.2 abcd7.4 def7.8a ln a column, values followed by a common letter are not significantly differentat the 5% level by Duncan's multiple range test.Table 3. Main and ratoon crop yields for indicated cultivars at Eagle Lake, Texas,1985.CultivarYield (t/ha) aMain crop Ratoon crop Total yieldPlant typeLemontGulfmontRexmontSkybonnetNewrexLebonnet8.7 a8.3 ab7.4 b6.0 c5.9 c4.9 d2.3 bc2.9 a1.9 cd2.8 ab2.2 c1.7 d11.0 a11.3 a9.3 b8.8 b8.2 b6.6 cSemidwarfSemidwarfSemidwarfNormalNormalNormala In a column, values followed by a common letter are not significantly differentat the 5% level by Duncan's multiple range test.
50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning ability are 1) the relationship of main and ratoon crop yields,2) ratoon yield anti plant height, and 3) ratoon yield and days to heading ormaturity.Because of time constraints, we only analyzed data from selected years. Wealso limited the number of characters analyzed. Analyses were of data from 1977,1978, 1981, and 1982. Ratoon yields were determined for 36 selections in 1977,52 selections in 1978, 68 selections in 1981, and 56 selections in 1982.The ratoon crop was harvested only from those plots that appeared to have anestimated minimum yield of about 0.5 t/ha. Ratoon yields above the minimum levelusually are produced only by selections in the very early or early maturity groups ofthe Regional Uniform Rice Nurseries. Yields of later maturing entries often arereduced by low temperatures and declining daylengths.Within the 4 yr studied, for all groups combined, none of the principalagronomic characters included in the analyses correlated (Table 4). From thebreeder’s standpoint, that lack of strong associations indicates that very early orearly cultivars can be developed for the Gulf coast that combine the semidwarf planttype with superior main crop and ratoon crop yielding ability. Initially, we werefearful that semidwarf types might lack the ratooning potential of taller types.Although no significant correlations were found among all groups combined withinany year for the characters analyzed, there were some significant correlations withinsome groups in some years.Although superior ratooning ability has been an important breeding objectivein Texas for the past 30 yr, we have had no criteria on which to base early-generationselection for improved ratooning. Not until the most promising selections have beenentered into advanced yield trials, usually the Regional Uniform Rice Nurseries, areratooning evaluations conducted. By that time, the selections are relativelyhomozygous. In effect, there is no direct selection for improved ratooning, onlyevaluation of selections after they are essentially homozygous for the character. Theonly characteristic that influences ratooning potential that we consciously emphasizein an early generation is early maturity. Early maturity is essential for reliable ratoonproduction before cool autumn temperatures occur on the Texas and LouisianaGulf coast.To develop selection criteria for superior ratooning ability that could beapplied to earlier generations, in 1977 we initiated studies of the relationship ofTable 4. Simple correlation coefficients between ratoon crop yield and main cropyield, main crop plant height, and main crop days to heading.Variables n r1977 Main crop yield and ratoon crop yield (all groups)1978 Main crop yield and ratoon crop yield (all groups)1981 Main crop yield and ratoon crop yield (all groups)1982 Main crop yield and ratoon crop yield (all groups)1981 Main crop height and ratoon yield (all groups)1982 Main crop height and ratoon yield (all groups)1981 Days to heading and ratoon yield (all groups)1982 Days to heading and ratoon yield (all groups)3652685668566856–0.202 ns0.025 ns0.041 ns0.091 ns0.179 ns0.162 ns–0.093 ns–0.090 ns
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RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
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ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
Page 6 and 7: Genetics and varietal improvementIn
Page 9 and 10: 2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
Page 11 and 12: 4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
Page 13 and 14: 6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
Page 15 and 16: 8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
Page 17 and 18: 10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
Page 19 and 20: 12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
Page 21 and 22: 14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
Page 24 and 25: Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
Page 26 and 27: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 36: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 39 and 40: 32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
Page 41 and 42: 34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
Page 43 and 44: 36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
Page 45 and 46: 38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
Page 47 and 48: 40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
Page 49 and 50: 42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
Page 51 and 52: 44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54: 46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55: 48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 59 and 60: 52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63: Utilization of rice ratooningby far
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Page 66 and 67: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
Page 70 and 71: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
Page 87 and 88: 80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
Page 89 and 90: 82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
Page 91 and 92: 84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
Page 94 and 95: Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
Page 96 and 97: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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Page 102: RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
Page 105 and 106: 98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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