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MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF RATOON RICE 33b) Variations in IR44 ratoon tillering 10 d after cutting.Table 1. Average length (mm) of buds at ratoon tiller development stages. IRRI,1983 dry season.Stages(d after cutting)Bud position a (top to bottom)I II Ill024681058112291144581115454556581017a Usually equivalent to 4th, 5th, and 6th nodes, counting down from the 1st nodeunder the base of the main crop panicle.
34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStubble height determines the number of buds available for regrowth. The effect ofcutting height on ratoon vigor varies: some cultivars ratooned from high nodes,others produced basal ratoons that are unaffected by cutting height (43).When bud viability was assessed after the main crop was cut, there were moredead buds in the nodes closer to the ground (7, 41). This is the reason lower cuttingproduces many missing hills and reduces tillering.More shoots were regenerated initially with higher main crop cutting height(14, 17, 32, 33, 37). Others have reported that cutting height did not significantlyaffect ratooning ability (4). However, irrespective of the main crop cutting height,the effective ratoon tillers grew from the base of the plant, not from the upper nodes(10). The optimum cutting height reported is 15-20 cm (2, 33, 37).Ratoon crops produced more panicles per hill, filled spikelets per panicle, andhigher 100-grain weight at 3- and 5 cm cutting heights than at 15 cm, but grain yieldswere less because low cutting resulted in more missing hills (2, 6, 33, 37).Main crop cutting height should leave 1.25 cm of the stem above the water;submerged stubble may rot, longer stubble may produce weak tillers (22).Ratoon crop growth duration is influenced by cutting height. Lower cuttingheight delayed maturity but produced uniform growth and maturity (10, 11, 14, 15,29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 38). Higher cutting height increased growth duration (2).Sometimes a ratoon crop is cut two or three times after harvest. A secondcutting decreased the number of tillers but increased growth duration and paniclesize (17). Grain yield was 12% more with a second cutting and about 8% more with athird cutting.Generally, ratoon yield increased with increased cutting height (2, 14, 17, 28,38). On the other hand, several reports claim that higher cutting heights decreasedratoon yields (29, 30, 32). In other studies, cutting height did not significantly affectratoon yield (3, 21, 33-35).Time of main crop harvestThe stage of maturity of the main crop at harvest affected ratooning (14, 44, 45). Thebest harvesting time for good ratooning was when the culms were still greenish (29,39), before the crop fully matured (3, 26), or at full maturity when the ratoon shootshad just begun to grow (42).Delaying main-crop harvest to 44-56 d after flowering reduced ratoon cropgrowth duration (44). Harvesting at 30, 35, 40, and 45 d after main crop floweringdid not significantly affect ratoon yields (14, 35).Main crop cultural practicesRatooning ability is affected by plowing depth, transplanting time, spacing, cropestablishment, and fertilizer and water management. While different cultivars havedifferent ratooning patterns under different cultural practices, only cultural practicesare discussed.Spacing. Spacing determines main-crop plant population. A high main cropplant population increased the tiller number/ unit area, increasing potential ratoon
Page 2 and 3: RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
Page 4 and 5: ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
Page 6 and 7: Genetics and varietal improvementIn
Page 9 and 10: 2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
Page 11 and 12: 4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
Page 13 and 14: 6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
Page 15 and 16: 8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
Page 17 and 18: 10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
Page 19 and 20: 12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
Page 21 and 22: 14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
Page 24 and 25: Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
Page 26 and 27: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 36: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 39: 32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
Page 43 and 44: 36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
Page 45 and 46: 38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
Page 47 and 48: 40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
Page 49 and 50: 42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
Page 51 and 52: 44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54: 46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55 and 56: 48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 57 and 58: 50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
Page 59 and 60: 52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63: Utilization of rice ratooningby far
Page 64 and 65: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
Page 66 and 67: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
Page 70 and 71: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
Page 87 and 88: 80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
Page 89 and 90: 82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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