RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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Morphology and physiologyof ratoon riceB.S. Vergara, F.S.S. Lopez, and J.S. ChauhanInternational Rice Research InstituteP.O. Box 933, Manila, PhilippinesThe morphology of the ratoon plant differs significantly from that of the main cropplant. Usually, plant height (3) is lower and effective tillers (2) are fewer in the ratoonthan in the main crop. However, some ratoon crops have produced more total tillersthan the main crop (2, 33, 37). Ratoon crops also developed many unproductivetillers (3, 10) and axillary buds that continued metabolic activity at the cost of grainfilling.Rice ratooning depends on the ability of dormant buds on the stubble of thefirst crop to remain viable. The buds may be at different stages of development (27)or similar in length (7). Axillary buds that developed at those bud nodes grew intoratoon tillers (Fig. la, b). Tillers regenerated from higher nodes formed morequickly, grew faster, and matured earlier (32). They usually had fewer leaves (1). Thepanicles from ratoons coming from lower nodes produced more grains per paniclethan those from upper nodes, but the fertility percentage decreased (41). Paniclesfrom upper nodes contributed more to ratoon grain yields than those from lowernodes (41).Different varieties produced ratoon tillers differently (43). Some grew tillersfrom all nodes of the stubble, others formed tillers only from lower nodes or mainlyfrom the third node. These findings indicate that ratoon crops will yield well if maincrop stubble is left with 2-3 nodes.Tillers from upper nodes, with high C:N, reacted like old seedlings. Tillersfrom the lower nodes, with low C:N, had young seedling characteristics. Thedevelopment of lower tillers should be encouraged because they resemble youngseedlings (22).In IR44, the lengths of the growing buds did not vary. After 5 d, the bud at thefirst node generally grew faster, followed by those from the second and third nodes(Table 1). Eight days after ratooning, the ratoon tillers began to branch (Fig. la,b).Ratoon tiller development depends on the carbohydrates that remain in thestubble and roots after the main crop is harvested (8, 20, 37). The culm of the riceplant is a vital storage organ. Thick culms may store more carbohydrate than thinculms; this probably would be reflected in ratoon potential.In IR44, culm thickness varied from 2 to 5 mm; most were 3-5 mm thick.Ratoon tillers developed, irrespective of culm thickness. Average tiller productionvaried from 1.33 to 2.90 and was higher for thick culms. Origin and time of tillerdevelopment were not influenced by culm thickness (7).
32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental stages of IR44 ratoon tillers.Ratoon tillers that form early do not inhibit subsequent tiller production;plants with early regeneration ability produced more tillers. Early tiller regenerationactually may encourage tillering by providing nutrients to the developing buds.Appearance of first tiller varied from 1 to 10 d after cutting. Regeneration timecorrelated negatively with number of tillers at 3 and 6 wk after cutting and at ratoonharvest. Three weeks after cutting, tillers per plant varied substantially, although thecorrelation remained significant (7).FACTORS INFLUENCING RATOONING ABILITYInherent ratooning ability is important. A vigorous main crop root system may be aprerequisite for a successful ratoon crop. Cultural management, light, temperature,soil moisture, and soil fertility are major factors affecting ratooning ability. Growthduration, although a genetic character, has a significant impact on ratooning abilityand yield.
Page 2 and 3: RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
Page 4 and 5: ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
Page 6 and 7: Genetics and varietal improvementIn
Page 9 and 10: 2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
Page 11 and 12: 4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
Page 13 and 14: 6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
Page 15 and 16: 8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
Page 17 and 18: 10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
Page 19 and 20: 12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
Page 21 and 22: 14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
Page 24 and 25: Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
Page 26 and 27: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 36: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 41 and 42: 34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
Page 43 and 44: 36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
Page 45 and 46: 38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
Page 47 and 48: 40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
Page 49 and 50: 42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
Page 51 and 52: 44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54: 46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55 and 56: 48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 57 and 58: 50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
Page 59 and 60: 52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63: Utilization of rice ratooningby far
Page 64 and 65: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
Page 66 and 67: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
Page 70 and 71: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
Page 81 and 82: 74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
Page 83 and 84: 76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
Page 85 and 86: 78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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