RICE RATOONING - IRRI books - International Rice Research Institute

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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOONING 23Table 2. Approximate growing season a requirements (d) for rice-rice and riceratooncropping patterns (10).Cropping pattern bCropduration(d)TurnaroundtimeGrowingseason coffsetGrowingseasonrequirementDSR s - TPR sWSR s - TPR sTPR s - TPR sDSR s - RatoonWSR s - RatoonTPR s - RatoonDSR m - TPR sWSR m - TPR sTPR m - TPR sDSR m - RatoonWSR m - RatoonTPR m - Ratoon100 + 80100 + 8080 + 80100 + 60100 + 6080 + 60125 + 80125 + 80100 + 80125 + 70125 + 70100 + 7020202000020202000002040020400204002040200220220160180180225245240195215210a Growing season = from day on which 75 mm rain was received and day afterwhich 100 mm rain remains to be received. b DSR = rice seeded into dry soil,WSR = rice seeded onto puddled soil, TPR = transplanted rice: s = short maturity(100 d) variety, m = medium maturity (125 d) variety. c Time between start ofgrowing season and planting time.second crop (TPR, WSR, or ratoon) grew and matured into the 1975 wetseason (WS).Pattern yields and inputs applied are summarized in Table 3. Ratoon yields in1975 WS were low, from 33% (TPR) to 43% (WSR) of the yield of the full duration(TPR) crop with which it competed. This low yield resulted in the TPR - ratoonbeing less profitable than the TPR - TPR and TPR - WSR patterns. Indeed, theratoon yield would need to be more than 60% of the second TPR crop yield to makeit equally profitable, given current rice prices in the Philippines.Incorporating risk in ratoon analysisThe economic analysis so far presented implies that a farmer’s objective is tomaximize profits. More realistically, farmers are also concerned with stability ofincome (and yields) and may be unwilling to follow a practice which, while itincreases expected returns, also increases, even if only occasionally, the possibility oflarge losses. Most farmers are risk averse and subjectively trade off higher averagereturns against variability of returns. The more risk averse a farmer, the greater willbe the reduction in average returns he will accept in exchange for a specifiedreduction in variance.Many models have been developed to assess a farmer’s willingness to trade offlevel of income against dependability of income (1). However, in practice, littlequantitative information on the degree of risk aversion of farmers is available. In thissituation, a simplified rule of thumb may be evoked (I): moderately risk aversefarmers are prepared to accept additional risk (as measured by the standarddeviation of profit) provided the increase in risk is less than twice the increase in netbenefit resulting from the increased use of that input. That is, crop i (say ratooning)will be preferred to crop j (say an upland crop) if
Table 3. Estimated net benefits of three cropping patterns: transplanted rice transplanted rice, transplanted rice - wet seeded rice, and transplanted rice -ratoon.CostLabor inputLand preparationTransplantingCrop maintenance/managementPostharvestSubtotalPower inputCarabaoOther inputsSeedsN fertilizerP/K fertilizerInsecticideHerbicideSubtotalInterest on cash costsCash cost basisFull cost basisReturnGross yieldNet yieldNet return (of pattern)Cash cost basisFull cost basisUnit/haddddc dayskgkgkg($)($)%/season($)($)tt($)($)TPR (1st crop)TPR (2d crop) WSR (2d crop) Ratoon (2d crop)Level Value ($) Level Value ($) Level Value ($) Level Value ($)9.519.520.53.553.09.5759040205.54.61726305781723422010498281672218256888.019.520.53.551.58.0754040204.53.8142530575142319201047523139188Note: Harvester/thresher’s share is 1/6 of total harvest. Cost/unit is same as in Table 1.Data sources:a) Rice yields and input levels (2).b) Labor inputs and prices (field data collected by authors in Laguna, Philippines, 1985-1986, unpublished).6785659478448.02.520.53.534.58.01004040203.52.914330553143019201048220121170530441841738––13.52.015.5––4040201.51.3––20323––19203143106276230191650582
Page 2 and 3: RICERATOONING1988INTERNATIONAL RICE
Page 4 and 5: ContentsForewordWelcome 1OverviewRi
Page 6 and 7: Genetics and varietal improvementIn
Page 9 and 10: 2 RICE RATOONINGthe main crop. Harv
Page 11 and 12: 4 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area, prod
Page 13 and 14: 6 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Rice varie
Page 15 and 16: 8 RICE RATOONING1. Effect of spacin
Page 17 and 18: 10 RICE RATOONINGHowever, no signif
Page 19 and 20: 12 RICE RATOONINGrelating to seed v
Page 21 and 22: 14 RICE RATOONING5. Cultivars that
Page 24 and 25: Economic perspectivesof rice ratoon
Page 26 and 27: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 36: ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF RICE RATOO
Page 39 and 40: 32 RICE RATOONINGla) Developmental
Page 41 and 42: 34 RICE RATOONINGCutting heightStub
Page 43 and 44: 36 RICE RATOONINGEarly flooding enc
Page 45 and 46: 38 RICE RATOONING2. Factors affecti
Page 47 and 48: 40 RICE RATOONING27. Nair, N.R., an
Page 49 and 50: 42 RICE RATOONING1. Changes in till
Page 51 and 52: 44 RICE RATOONINGTable 2. Character
Page 53 and 54: 46 RICE RATOONING9. International R
Page 55 and 56: 48 RICE RATOONINGplot size is 6 row
Page 57 and 58: 50 RICE RATOONINGimproved ratooning
Page 59 and 60: 52 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Simple co
Page 62 and 63: Utilization of rice ratooningby far
Page 64 and 65: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 57
Page 66 and 67: RICE RATOONING IN RIO DE JANEIRO 59
Page 68 and 69: Rice ratooningin the Dominican Repu
Page 70 and 71: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
Page 72 and 73: RICE RATOONING IN THE DOMINICAN REP
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Page 77 and 78: 89111306514772Special points Refere
Page 79 and 80: 72 RICE RATOONINGANDHRA PRADESHBasu
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74 RICE RATOONINGrice observed at t
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76 RICE RATOONINGTAMIL NADUBalasubr
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78 RICE RATOONING19. Reddy, T.G., M
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80 RICE RATOONING1. Rice-growing re
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82 RICE RATOONING2. High cutting he
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84 RICE RATOONINGTable 3. Yield tri
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Rice ratoon crop managementin the h
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RICE RATOON CROP MANAGEMENT IN KARN
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23123722821721922222421423122421722
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98 RICE RATOONING1. The Tungabhadra
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100 RICE RATOONINGthe results of po
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102 RICE RATOONINGTable 4. Effect o
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Ratoon rice researchin Karnataka, I
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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RATOON RICE RESEARCH IN KARNATAKA 1
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112 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Area and
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114 RICE RATOONINGonly 7.5-49.7% of
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116 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Relation
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN NORTHEASTERN IND
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Scope for rice ratoon croppingin th
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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RATOON CROPPING IN CENTRAL AND NORT
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Potential of rice ratooningin Madag
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 131a.
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RICE RATOONING IN MADAGASCAR 133Tab
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Potential for rice ratooningin east
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RICE RATOONING IN EASTERN INDIA 137
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Ratooning in Bangladesh:prospects a
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 145RATOON C
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 147Table 4.
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RATOONING IN BANGLADESH 149OTHER FA
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152 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Hybrid s
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154 RICE RATOONINGThe studies sugge
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156 RICE RATOONINGVARIETIES AND CUL
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158 RICE RATOONINGspikelet primordi
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160 RICE RATOONINGTable 5. Effect o
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Agronomic principles and practiceso
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AGRONOMIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
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Rice ratooning: breeding,agronomic
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BREEDING, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, AND
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188 RICE RATOONINGwas the most effe
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190 RICE RATOONINGRESULTSMain crop
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192 RICE RATOONINGRatoon tiller reg
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194 RICE RATOONING9. Rister, M. E.,
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196 RICE RATOONINGExcept for rice w
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198 RICE RATOONINGInsect survivorsh
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200 RICE RATOONING1. Stem borer occ
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202 RICE RATOONING3. Population dyn
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204 RICE RATOONING2, 3). Microvelia
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206 RICE RATOONINGplant chemicals a
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208 RICE RATOONING17. Krishnamurthy
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210 RICE RATOONING1. Yellow dwarf c
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212 RICE RATOONING3. The effect of
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214 RICE RATOONINGAlthough the inte
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216 RICE RATOONINGTable 6. Sheath b
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Yellow dwarf disease in ratoon rice
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YELLOW DWARF DISEASE IN RATOON RICE
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228 RICE RATOONINGTable 1. Estimate
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Main crop a Ratoon crop b53.956.155
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Disease and insect pestsand their c
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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DISEASE AND INSECT PESTS IN RICE RA
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Inheritance of ratooning abilityin
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INHERITANCE OF RATOONING ABILITY IN
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248 RICE RATOONINGShould the season
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250 RICE RATOONINGYield and yield-c
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252 RICE RATOONINGMain-crop photosy
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254 RICE RATOONINGShort-termGiven t
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Commercial ratoon rice productionin
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COMMERCIAL RATOON RICE PRODUCTION I
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0.180.200.490.250.160.270.390.350.3
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268 RICE RATOONING1. Path analysis
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270 RICE RATOONINGRecommendationsVa
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ParticipantsT. AhmedRice Experiment
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Varietal indexA200, 221Achra 108/1,
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VARIETAL INDEX 277IR2061-465-1, 12I
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VARIETAL INDEX 279RU7502006, 49, 51
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